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Cultural and religion have a strong impact on healthcare
because they influence on the ways in which people think and behave.
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Culture consists of
the values, beliefs, and practices shared by the majority within a group of people.
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Culture includes the
attitudes, roles, beviors, and religious or spiritual practices accepted and excepted by the cultural group.
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A groups worldview is
the way in which the group's people explain life events and view life's mysteries.
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Values are
those ideas and perceptions seen as good and useful.
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Spirituality concerns
the spirit, or soul, and is an element of religion.
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Religion is
a formalized system of belief and worship.
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Rituals (ceremonial acts)
or practices related to health, illness, birth, and death, and prescribed behavior are parts of organized religion and sometimes spirituality.
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Beliefs are
convictions or opinions that one considers to be true.
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Faith is
a belief that cannot be proven, or for which no material evidence exists.
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Athiest is
a person who does not believe in God.
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During illness and especially in the face of death,
religious and spiritual beliefs may be strengthened, questioned, or rejected.
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Beliefs of individuals within each denomination
vary, and specific spiritual assessment regarding the various issues relevant to health care is essential.
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Islam is
one of the fastest growing religions in the world.
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An Imam is
a muslim religious prayer leader, and the pain place of worship is the mosque.
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Kosher is
when food is prepared according to jewish dietary laws during slaughter, processing, and packaging.
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Circumcision is
a Jewish religious ritual performed by a man call a mohel on the eighth day of a boy's life.
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Most Hindus are
vegetarians because most believe that eating meat involves harming a living creature, which is contrary to their belief.
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Taoists believe
that illness or disease is due to an imbalance in yin and yang.
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Buddhist do not believe in
healing through faith, but believe spiritual peace and liberation from anxiety in promoting health and recovery.
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Asian diet consists of
less meat and more vegetables than that of other Americans.
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Race is
a biological way of categorizing people. Bases on physical characteristics such as skin color and texture, facial and body proportions.
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Subcultures are
smaller groups within the culture whose members have similar views and goals in addition to or in place of those of the main culture.
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A subculture may be based on
socioeconomic status, education, occupation, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or residence in a rural versus urban area.
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Transcultural nursing is
a term used by Dr. Madeline Leininger to describe care that recognizes cultural diversity and is sensitive to the cultural needs of the patient and family.
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Dr. Leininger described
human caring as what all people need most to grow, remain well, avoid illness, and survive or face death.
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Cultural awareness
involves knowledge of a people's history and ancestry and an appreciation for their artistic expressions, foods, and celebrations.
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Cultural competence involves
knowing yourself, examining your own values, attitudes, beliefs, and prejudices.
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Cultural sensitivity is
refraining from using offensive language, respecting accepted patterns of communication, and refraining from speaking in ways that are disrespectful of a person's cultural beliefs.
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Ethnocentrism is
the tendency of human beings to think that their ways of thinking, behaving, and doing things are the only way or the only right way.
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Generalization identifies
common trends, patterns, and beliefs of a group. May be true for the group but not for a person in the group.
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Stereotype is
a set opinion or belief about the group that is applied to an individual.
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Stereotypes can be
negative or positive, but they all ignore the uniqueness of the patient.
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Bias or prejudice is
positive or negative attitude or opinion that is unsupported by evidence.
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Dialects are
regional variations of the language within different pronunciation, grammar or word meanings.
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Personal space is
space acceptable between two people when conversing.
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Yin is
negative, dark, cold, feminine.
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Yang is
positive, light, warm, and masculine.
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Keloid formation is
abnormal scar tissue formation
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Sarcoidosis is
fibrous nodules that can interfere with function common in African American.
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Spiritual distress
maybe related to feelings of guilt and unworthiness if the pt views illness as punishment for wrongdoing or sin.
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One's own spiritual or religious beliefs must
be set aside when they differ from those of the patient.
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