Ch4 Important Points

  1. Synesthesia may be found in as many as:
    1 in every 100 people.
  2. Psychophysicists begin the measurement process with...
    A single sensory signal to determine precisely how much physical energy is required to evoke a sensation in an observer
  3. Investigators typically define the absolute threshold as:
    The loudness required for the listener to say she or he has heard the tone on 50% of the trials.
  4. Relationship between intensity and frequency:
    directly proportional. higher intensity, stimulation detected more frequently.
  5. Signal detection theory allows researcher to __________ an observer's response in the presence of _________.
    quantify; noise
  6. 3 properties of light waves:
    • 1. Wavelength=colour
    • 2. Amplitude=Brightness
    • 3. Purity(#of wavelengths that make up the light)=richness of colours
  7. What happens when light hits the eye?
    Light --> Cornea --> Pupil (in Iris) --> Lens --> Retina
  8. What is light adaptation?
    Type of sensory adaptation. Variation in pupil size based on light conditions.
  9. Explain Nearsightedness and farsightedness.
    • Near=myopia=long eyeball
    • far=heropia=short eyeball
  10. Types of photoreceptor cells found in retina:
    • 1. Cones (6million/retina)
    • 2. Rods (120million/retina) except for in the fovea
  11. Gesalt Perceptual Grouping Rules:
    • 1.Simplicity
    • 2.Closure
    • 3.Continuity
    • 4.Similarity
    • 5.Proximity
    • 6.Common Fate
  12. Researchers have proposed two broad explanations of objec recognition. What are they?
    • 1. Image-Based: an object you have seen before is stored in memory as a template.
    • 2. Part-Based: the brain deconstructs viewed objects into a collection of parts.
  13. Several momocular depth cues:
    • 1. Linear perspective-parallel lines seem to converge as they recede into the distance.
    • 2. Texture gradient: Size of the pattern elements and the distance between them, grow smaller as the surface recedes from the observer.
    • 3. Interposition: occurs when one object partly blocks another. Cannot provide info abobut how far apart the two objects are by itself.
    • 4. Relative Height in the Image: depends on your field of vision. closer objects are lower in your visual field; far away=higher.
  14. Properties of Sound Waves:
    • f is directly proportional to the pitch
    • A is directly proportional to volume
    • Complexity: simple=pure, and complex=mix of f
  15. 3 Parts of the Ear
    • 1. Outer: Collects waves and sends to Middle Ear.
    • 2. Middle: In skull, transduces waves into neural impulses.
    • 3. Inner: Contains Cochlea
  16. A normal young adult with normal hearing ideally can detect sounds between about ____ and _____ Hz. Human ear is most sensitive to frequencies around ______.
    20 and 20000 Hz. 1000 to 3500 Hz.
  17. Ears have 2 mechanisms to encode sound-wave frequency. What are they??
    • Place Code - for high frequencies.
    • Temporal Code - for for low frequencies.
  18. Hearing Loss has two main causes:
    1. Coductive hearing loss - due to damaged eardrum or ossicles, to the point where they cant conduct sound waves effectively to the cochlea.

    2. Sensorineural hearing loss - dua to damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or the auditory nerve.
  19. 4 Types of Receptors located under the skin's surface enable us to sense:
    • 1. Pressure
    • 2. Texture
    • 3. Pattern
    • 4. Vibration

    against the skin.
  20. The experience of pain depends on signals that travel along two distinct pathways:
    • 1. Sends signals to the somatosensory cortex to indicate the location and type of pain.
    • 2. Sends signals to the emotional centers of the brain that result in upleasant feelings that we wish to escape.
Author
Kaha
ID
44341
Card Set
Ch4 Important Points
Description
Key Points
Updated