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Five Steps of the Scientific Method
- 1. Define the problem
- 2. Form a hypothesis
- 3. Experiment
- 4. Observe and Record Data
- 5. Draw Conclusions
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What is a control and why is it necessary in a controlled experiment?
Is used as a comparison to the experimental group
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What is a variable?
2 factors being tested, independent and dependent
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What lab equipment would you use to measure mass?
Balance Beam
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To measure volume of a liquid?
(a)striker
(b)test-tube rack
(c)graduated cylinder
(d)funnel
- Correct Answer:C
- Explanation:A graduated cylinder holds water and has measurements and ways to measure volume.
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What do the numbers on a metric ruler represent?
(a)cm
(b)meters
(c)mm
- Correct Answer:A
- Explanation:It clearly says on a ruler that it is centimeters
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What are the tiny lines between the numbers on the ruler?
How many small lines are in each centimeter?
- Mm are the tiny lines between the numbers on the ruler
- 10 small lines are in each centimeter
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How many micrometers are there in a millimeter?
(a) 5micrometers= 1mm
(b)20000micrometers=1mm
(c)1000micrometers=1mm
Correct Answer:C
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What happens to the image of the upright letter R when placed under a microscope?
It flipped upside down and becomes backwards
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Label the microscope below
- 1.eyepiece6. unknown13.diaphragm
- 2.coarse adjustment7.body tube14.light source
- 3.fine adjustment8.revolving nose piece15.base
- 4,9,10.Objective Lens11.stage clips
- 5.arm12.stage
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What are the pH of an acid, base, and neutral?
- acid:Below 7
- base:Higher than 7
- neutral:7
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Define acid.
any compound that increase the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
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Define base.
any compound that increase # of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
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Define dehydration synthesis.
removal of water to make a molecule bond
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Define hydrolysis.
the splitting of a molecule by reaction with water
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What types of bonds between water molecules give water its unique "sticky" property?
(a)chemical bonds
(b)hydrogen bonds
(c)covalent bonds
(d)ionic bonds
- Correct Answer:B
- Explanation:the weak attraction between hydrogen atoms and oxygen
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Basic unit of matter
Atoms
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ion
when an atom is charged
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2 atoms with the same atomic number have different mass
isostopes
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Smallest units of a substance that still retain the properties of that substance
molecules
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Define and compare and contrast enzyme and catalyst
catalyst speed reactions by lowering activation energy
enzymes are catalyst made of protein in living organisms
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List 5 characteristics of enzymes
- 1.effected by temp.
- 2.effected by pH
- 3.can be used over
- 4.unchanged
- 5.specific
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2 theories of biology
cell and evolution
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Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative
- quantitative: measurements
- qualitative: using your senses
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Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
eukaryotic cell is complex, have a nucleus and other organelles
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The name of the model that describes the plasma membrane
fluid mosaic
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What is the plasma membrane comprised of?
lipids, protein channels and sugar
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Facilitated diffusion occurs in which part of a plasma membrane
protein channels
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Which organelles are present in plant but not animal cells?
cell wall and chloroplast
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Which organelle is unique to animal cells?
centrioles
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Where does respiration occur in animal and plant cells?
mitochondria
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Why are cells so small?
surface areas to volume
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performs respiration
cellular respiration
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contains respiratory enzymes, inner membrane is folded to increase surface area and produces ATP
mitochondria
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contains photosynthetic enzymes
chloroplast
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Place the following in order:
(a)tissue,organ.cell,organism,organ system
(b)organ system,cell,organism,organ,tissue
(c)organism,cell,organ,organ system,tissue
(d)cell,tissue,organ,organ system,organism
Correct Answer:D
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Define diffusion.
movement of molecules from greater to lesser concentration
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movement against concentration gradient
active transport
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movement of water (hypo, hyper, iso)
osmosis
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Cells can shrink, swell or burst due to the concentration gradient of what molecule?
water
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build molecule (photosynthesis)
anabolic
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Define catabolic.
breakdown (cell respiration)
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release heat (cell respiration)
exothermic
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uses energy (photosynthesis)
endothermic
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glucose enzymes 38 ATP
aerobic respiration (cellular respiration)
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anaerobic fermentation (glycolysis)
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What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Light reactions and calvin cycle
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What are the products of respiration?
no sun (ATP)
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What is adenosine triphosphate?
What is its function?
- ATP
- Universal energy molecule
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What processes produce ATP as an end product?
cell respiration
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How many ATPs are produced from fermentation, respiration, and photosynthesis?
(a)ferm: 6, resp: 10, photo: 20
(b)ferm: 2, resp: 38, photo: 0
(c)ferm: 1, resp: 60, photo: 10
Correct Answer:B
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What makes chlorphyll green?
reflects
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An ordered of sequence of events in the life of 2 dividing eukaryotic cell composed mitosis and interphase growth and DNA synthesis phases
cell cycle
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Which part of the cell is the longest?
(a)interphase
(b)anaphase
(c)prophase
(d)metaphase
(e)telophase
Correct Answer:A
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function of hydrochloric acid
helps turn solid food into a liquid that makes digestion possible
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Breakdown of starch into sugar
amylase
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A trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
adaptions
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Define mutations.
change in DNA to traits raw material for evolution (some helpful/some harmful)
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process in which the environment determines if an organism will/will not survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
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Define Evolution
change in a population overtime
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Formation of species from an existing species
speciation
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Define Geographical Isolation.
population divided by barrier that prevents intermating, geographical, reproducive
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