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What kind of muscles do dugesia have
- circular muscles
- 2 oblique muscles perpindicular to eachother
- longitudal muscles
- dorsoventral muscles
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What are the dorsol ventral muscles used for
for flattening the organism
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What two forms of benthick locomotion occur in turbellarians
- cilliary crawling
- pedal crawling using muscle waves
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Locomotion in turbellarians2 • Swimming
Smaller cylindrical forms use cilia. –Larger, flattened ones dorsoventral muscle waves
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Why are flatworms flat
for resperation
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Where does oxygen enter on a flatworm
the dorsal side
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What size are flat worms maxiamlly. why is this?
0.5 mm because they cant breathe if they are fatter
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Tricladsare _____________ and feed on various _______________________________________.
- carnivores
- invertebrates including annelids, snails and crustaceans.
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As they crawl, triclads leave _______ trails and prey often get stuck in them
mucus
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A study using immunological methods showed that tricladswere quite selective in what they ate.
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Mouth found at the end of a __________ pharynx which is housed in a____________.
- protrusible
- muscular sheath.
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In tricladsthe gut consists of three branches -one ________ and two __________.
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Pharynx protruded by __________ of its circular muscles and __________ into body of prey.
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Gland cells in the pharynx and gut secrete ______________, and peristalsis is used to pump semi liquid food into the rest of the gut
endopeptidases
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The material is taken up by ______________ and _______________ and digestion finished intracellularly.
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What are the relative contributions of extra-vs. intracellular digestion?
its faster i guess
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The ___________ gut of triclads(and polyclads) allows most cells in the body to be near sites of digestion.
branched
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______________ from the gut gets the amino acids, fatty acids, monosaccharides, etc. to end user cells in adequate amounts.
Diffusion
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Tricladsas fresh H2O organisms face bursting from osmotic influx of H20 therefore the
The __________________ system rids the body of excess H2O
protonephridial
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How does protonephridia work?
- Beating flagella draws H2O and smaller dissolved molecules and ions
- from the mesenchymeand pushes it down the tubular system.
- –ultrafiltration
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What happens to the rate of urine production when we change osmotic concnetration of the outside world
the rate of urine produciton chages as well
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is urine more or less dilute under noraml circumstances
urine is more dilute then extracellular fluid under noraml circumstances
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what system of nerves does tricals have
a ladder like system
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do turverellians have eyes?
yes. rhabdomeric eyes tho which is simly a single lyer of pigmented cells forming a cup
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What sensors are used as chemosensors
pit organs of auricles
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what enables a turbellians to regenerate so well
stem cells in the mesenchyme
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what happens to degusia during winter?
degusie goes to a more juvenile state in winter
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Do degusia perform asexual reproduction? if so how so? by transverese binary fission
yes.
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are populatons of degusia seperated in any way? if so how?
by the way in which they reproduce. Asexuals cant sexually reproduce. sexuals cant asecually reproduce and some mixed cases
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Dugesia • ♂ –Line of _____ along each side
–Paired vas deferens to seminal vesicles, which are connected via an ejaculatory duct to a ______ (penis)
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♀ –Pair of ovaries, ovovitellineducts with yolk glands (vitellaria), single copulatorybursa, and vagina.
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♀♂_____________ give appearance of a single external genital opening.
gonopores
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In hermaphroditic platyhelminths mutual ___________________ is the rule.
cross fertilization
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Note: sperm in the phylum are peculiar in that the flagellum has a ___ axoneme instead of the usual _____ arrangement.
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