EXAM 3

• SKIN
• communicates w/ outside
• digestive
• respiratory
• urinary
• reproductive
• stays internal
• chest cavity
• abdominal cavity
• endothelium of heart and blood vessels

• often lines in clusters deep to covering/lining epithelium
• secretes onto surfaces, ducts and into blood

• protection
• secretion
• absorbtion
• filtration
• sensation
• specialized secretion

• specialized contacts with other cell
• polarity(different ends do different things)
• avascular(no blood supply)
• regeneration(high rate of cell division)
• cellularity(lots of cells in close contact)
• little cellular material

basement membrane

• glycoprotiens/fine protein filiments
• barrier

• bundle of coarse protein fibers
• gives basal lamina strength

• SHAPE
• squamous
• cuboidal
• columnar
• LAYERING
• simple
• stratified

• lines ventral body cavities
• simple squamous
• produces erous membrane

lines blood vessels

• single layer
• flat cells
• lines air sacs, cappilaries, lymph vessels, ventral cavity covering
• diffusion SUBSTANCES PASS EASILY
• reduces friction
• absorption/secretion

• single layer
• cube shaped
• large centrally located nucleous
• lines kidney tubules and ducts of glands
• absorption/secretion

• single layer
• tall basally located nucleous
• goblet cells
• MICROVILLI
• lines intestines
• protection/absorption/secretion

• single layer
• tall cells
• scattered nuclei
• CILLA
• goblet cells
• lines trachea and fallopian tubes
• protection/secretion

• many layers
• flat cells
• KERITENIZED=epidermous
• NON-KERITENIZED=vagina, epidermous,mouth
• protection

• several layers
• cells change shape under pressure
• lines urinary bladder and ureters
• DISTENSIBILITY=ability to stretch

closes spaces between cells so that substances through cells instead of around them

allows rapid passage of small molecules/ions from one cell to the next

bind cells tightly together like velcro

• DUCTLESS
• secretes into blood

• secretes into a duct
• secretes on to a surface
• UNICELLULAR=composed of one cell(ex. goblet)
• MULTICELLULAR=composed of many cells(ex. sweat,sebaceous and salvitory glands)

• release product from vesicle through exocytosis
• watery sweat

• loss of cytoplasm containing secretion
• apical(free) surface of cytoplasm is shed
• thick underarm sweat

• entire cell is packed with secreation then burst
• destroys cell
• sebaceous gland associated with hair

• is an ORGAN
• combination of epithelium and CT that covers and protects other structures and tissues

• lines cavities with no outside openings
• reduces friction
• secretes serous fluid
• inner lining of thoracic and abdominal cavities
• covers organs of thoracic and abdominal cavities

• SKIN
• covers body

• lines tubes and organs that open to outside world
• secretes mucous
• mouth, nose, throat, digestive tract ect.

surrounds joint cavities

• cells
• ground substance
• fibers

fully differentiated

• derived from progenitor cells
• early stages of differentiation
• active in synthesis

• "work horses"
• fix damages(ex. scars)
• large star-shaped
• secretes proteins that become fibers

• motile
• sometimes attach to fibers
• clear foreigh substances

• large
• usually near blood vessels
• release chemicals to promote inflammation
• heparin/histomine

• thick threadlike
• can withstand lots of tension
• holds structures together
• ex. tendons/ligaments

• thin and stretchy
• able to bounce back
• ex. vocal cords and air passages

• thin fibers of collagen
• makes a "mesh-work"
• allows cells to stay in CT
• support networks

• HYDROPHYLLIC
• controls passage of substances through matrix
• hydrate CT

• (-) charged polysaccharides
• major molecule of ground substance

• dense regular CT
• connects muscle to bone

• dense regular CT
• bone to bone

• dense regular CT
• broad fibrous sheets
• muscle to muscle(or bone)

• fibroblasts
• collagen and elastic fibers
• semiliquid matrix
• binds skin to underlying organs
• fills spaces between muscles
• diffusion and cushioning

• fibroblasts
• collagen fibers
• semiliquid matrix
• located in tendons and ligaments
• attachments

• fibroblasts
• collagen fibers
• semiliquid matrix
• located in capsules of visceral organs, dermis, periostea, perichondria
• good for places where stress takes place in any direction

• adipocytes
• reticular fibers
• semiliquid matrix
• located in body fat areas
• insolation, protection and stores energy

• fibroblasts
• reticular fibers
• semiliquid matrix
• located in basement membrane, spleen and liver
• supports

• fibroblasts
• elastic fibers
• semiliquid matrix
• located in heart and lungs
• duribility with stretch

• located in embryos
• gives rise to all other CT

• chondrocytes
• closely packed collagen fibers(so close you can't see them)
• semisolid matrix
• located in ribs, ends of bone and nose
• covered by dense pericardium
• dense irregular CT
• chondrocytes arise from this and secrete matrix

• chondrocytes
• elastic fibers
• semisolid matrix
• located in the external ear and larynx
• maintains shape with flexiblity

• chondrocytes
• dense interwoven collagen fibers
• semisolid matrix
• located in intervertibral disks
• less firm but tougher then hyaline cartilage
• strength and shock absorbers

• osteocytes
• collagen fibers
• solid matrix
• DENSE=outer bone
• SPONGY=inner bone

• Erythrocytes
• leukocytes
• platlets
• plasma
• fibrinogen
• liquid matrix

• connections between organs and the rest of the body
• strength, stability, organ position and conduits

• subcutanious(hypodermis) layer
• aerolar tissue
• fat
• between skin and organs

• strong fibrous framework
• dense CT
• bound to capsules, tendons and ligaments

• between serous membrane and deep fascia
• areolar tissue

fascia in the heart

• myocytes
• muscle fiber

• major property of ALL muscle tissue
• ability to shorten muscles forcefully
• causes movement

• striated
• voluntary
• multi-nucleated
• unbranched
• canNOT divide but new fibers can form from other cells
• SATELLITE(PROGENITOR) CELLS FORM MYOBLASTS WHICH GROW INTO MUSCLE FIBERS

• walls of organs and blood vessels
• skin
• involuntary
• NOT striated
• single central nucleous
• unbranched

• involuntary
• autorythmic
• striated
• branched
• single nucleous
• (cardiocytes, cardial myocytes, myocardial cells)
• INTERCALATED DISKS(gap junctions & desmosomes)

• conducts nerve impulses
• sensory reception

• recieve and transmit signals
• soma, dendrites, axons

• maintain structure
• repairs framework
• performs phagocytosis
• provides nutrients NOT neural but "neuron support"

• redness and heat due to increased blood flow
• swelling and pain due to the chemicals released
• loss of function which tells body to stop and heal
• INFLAMMATION -> REPAIR
• HOMEOSTASIS B/C OF REGENERATION

• degranulate and release heparin(keeps blood flow increases nutrients) and histamine(dialates blood vessels gets leaky)
• increases number and activity level of phagocytes
• removes toxins and waste

• protection from mechanical, chemical, bacterial damage and UV rays
• temp. regulation
• fluid conservation
• excretion
• vitamin D which helps with calcium absorption
• sensation(touch and pressure)

• 1. Cornium=dead epithelium, keritenized, non-nucleated
• 2.Lucidum=NOT in thin skin, THICK SKIN ONLY
• 3. Granulosum=3-5 layers of flattened granular cells
• 4. Siposium=many layers, developing keratin
• 5. Basale=deepest, single row of cuboidal/columnar cells that divide and grow, melanocytes ATTACHED TO DERMIS BY BASEMENT MEMBRANE