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cross culture literacy
an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way business is practiced
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culture
a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living
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values
abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable
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norms
the social rules that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations
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folkways
- the routine conventions for everyday life
- little moral signifigance
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What two categories can norms be split into?
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mores
- norms that are seen as central to the functioning of society and to its social life
- violation=serious retribution
- somestimes mores become laws
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which societies tend to be more group oriented?
western
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power distance
the extent to which a society allows inequalities of physical and intellectual capabilities between people to grow into inequalities of power and wealth
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high power distance=
large inequalities
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low power distance=
play down inequalities as much as possible
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uncertainty avoidance
extent to which cultures specialize members to accept ambiguous situations and to tolerate uncertainty
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high uncertainty avoidance=
strong need for rules and regulations
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low uncertainty avoidance=
- rediness to take risks
- less emotional resistance to change
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masculine cultures=
sex roles are sharpened
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feminine cultures
sex roles are less distinguished
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Hofstede's four dimensions of culture
- power distance
- individualism vs. collectivism
- uncertainty avoidance
- masculinity vs feminity
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confucian dynamism
- extent to which a society adheres to confucian values about time, persistence, order by status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts
- Hofstede
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As countries get richer, they shift from traditional values linked to tradition to....
secular rational values
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ethocentrism
a belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture
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culture is NOT...
- right or wrong
- inherited
- about individual behavior
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culture is composed of (6):
- religion
- politics
- economics
- education
- language
- social structure
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low context cultures
- direct approach
- informal
- task focused
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high context cultures
- face saving
- formal
- relationship focused
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geocentrism
inbetween ethnocentrism and polycentrism
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polycentrism
reject home culture in favor of others
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what is the primary concern of communism?
elimination of capitalist exploitation
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ex of communist countries
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who owns the means of production in a social democracy?
individuals
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how does a social democracy provide a univeral right to a social safety net?
taxation
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what is the primary concern for social democrats?
a more equal distribution of wealth.
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ex of social democracy
- Swe
- Fra
- Germ
- Austria
- Nor
- Den
- Fin
- Can
- Ire
- Ita
- Jap
- Sing
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Most of the world adheres to ..... law
civil
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