Microbiology Unit 4

• Acquired
• Innate (born with)

• These are immunity that we are born with
• Species Immunity - common to all members of a species
• Individual Immunity - can inherit immunity
• Racial Immunity - some races are more immune to some disease

• These are immunity that we acquire...
• naturally - exposure to infectious antigen provides immunity to that disease for life
• artificially - exposure via vaccination or immunization

• provides immunity for several years or life
• solution of the antigen is either attenuated or dead organism and is a vaccine

• is a live but weakened organism used for vaccine
• longer lasting immunity
• MMR and Varicella Zoster

• shorter term immunity therefore booster shot is required periodically
• Pertussis

• resembling a toxin; it is a solution of an inactivated toxin
• gives us antibody to the toxin formed
• is a killed organism which is a toxin produced by a specific microorganism
• altered by heat or chemical
• diphtheria and tetanus

• should be given before exposure to allow microorganism to produce antibodies
• except.. rabies and small pox which can be given afterwards

• MMR
• DPT (Diptheria toxoid, acellular pertussis antigen, tetanus toxoid)
• Polio
• Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
• Varicella
• Prevnar (Strep pneumoniae)
• Hepatitis A
• Rotarix

• Influenzae
• Pneumovax for the elderly
• Meningococcal vaccine for military or college dorms
• Hepatitis A for travelers
• Hepatitis B for Healthcare workers and plumbers
• Td every 10 years
• Zostavax for shingles

• 1st generation - whole organism such MMR and Varicella
• 2nd generation - parts of the organism such ans pneumovax and Hib
• 3rd generation - genetically engineered such as Hep B and DNA vaccine

90% if the population should have immunity

• ready-made antibodies are introduced into the body
• acquired by receiving antibodies from someone else
• can be naturally or artificially acquired

• includes antibodies made by the mother's immune system which are transferred to the offspring
• can be passed to fetus through the placenta and lasts 6 months (this is IgG)
• antibodies found in colostrum also provide immunity (this is IgA)

• these are ready made antibodies made by other hosts that are introduced into the new host
• hyperimmune globulin can be manufactored by introducing a particular antigen into an animal (such as a horse) and collect serum rich in antibodies
• may also be given to people exposed to Hepatitis A
• recommend after expected rabies exposure
• antitoxins which are antibodies against specific toxins such as botulism, diptheria and tetanus

it is the allergic reaction against passive immunization especially if the serum comes from a horse