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What phase are MOST cells in? Why? Explain.
Interphase, doesn't take long for stages of mytosis.
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Do all cells divide? If not, what are cells that do not divide?
No, brain cells
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What is the division of cytoplasm called?
Cytokinesis
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What is the division of a nucleus called?
Mitosis
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What are spindle fibers?
Spindle fibers are thin strands that attach to sister chromatids to pull them apart during anaphase
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What is centromere?
The place on the sister chromatids where it is crossed and where the spindle fibers attach
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What is centriole?
the part of the cell that produces spindle fibers
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Why do the sister chromatids need to be made?
So the DNA can be replicated and cells can be reproduced
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When are the sisrer chromatids created?
During interphase
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How are the sister chromatids related to one another?
Identical copies of chromosomes
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When are the chromosomes first visible?
During mitosis
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What form is the DNA in during interphase?
Interphase
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What is chromatin?
- Long loose threads
- This form during most of the cell cycle
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What is a chromosome?
Condensed chromatin
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What are the different forms of DNA in the cell cycle?
Chromatin, Chromosomes, Sister Chromatids
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How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals?
- Plants: cell plate
- Animals: cleavage furrow
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What is cytokinesis?
- Cytoplasm pinches in half
- Each daughter cells (2) has identical set of duplicate chromosomes
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What occurs in telophase?
- Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of cell
- Chromosomes unwind to form the threadlike chromatin again
- Two nuclear membranes form
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What occurs in anaphase?
Sister chromatids seperate
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What occurs in metaphase?
- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
- Chromosomes connect to spindle fibers at centromere
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What occurs in prophase?
- Chromatin condenses (forms chromosomes)
- Centrioles seperate (begin to form spindle)
- Nuclear membrane and nucleus begin to break down
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What are the four phases of mitosis (in order)?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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What occurs in G2?
- Cell prepares for mitosis
- Checks to see if DNA is fully replicated and if there is proper growth/organelles
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What occurs in S?
DNA is replicated, sister chromatids are made
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What occurs in G1?
- Checkpoint to check if there is a need for cells and if the DNA is damaged
- If not, remain in resting phase (G0)
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What are the three phases of interphase (in order)?
G1, S, G2
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What are the three phases of the cell cycle (in order)?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
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What are two problems that cell growth causes?
- Larger cells which have more demands
- Volume is increasing faster than the surface area
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What is the name of the process in which prokaryotic cells divide?
Reproduction- binary fission
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Why do prokaryotic cells divide?
- To reproduce- binary fission
- Only have one circular chromosome
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Why do eukaryotic cells divide?
To replace dead cells, repair damaged tissue, growth of an organism, problem of cell growth
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