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Pharmacology Exam 3
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CNS Effects of Muscarinic Antagonists
drowsiness
amnesia
Bronchial effects of muscarinic antagonsists
bronchodilation
decreased secretion
GI effects of muscarinit antagonists
reduced motility & tone
constipation
Glands effect of muscarinit antagonists
dry skin, conjunctiva and mouth
Eye effects of muscarinic antagonists
long lasting mydriasis
cycloplegia
sandy eyes
contraindicated in glaucoma
Bladder effects of muscarinic antagonists
urinary retention
enuresis
Clinical uses of muscarinic antagonists
motion sickness
dysuria/urgency
parkinsonism
diarrhea
COPD if unresponsive to B2 agonists
prevent vagal reflexes during surgery
Most common use for muscarinic antagonists
pupil dilation in eye exams
contraindicated in narrow angle glaucoma
Muscarinic antagonists are an antidote to
anticholinesterases and muscarinic agonists
Pralidoxime
removes inhibitors that inactivate AChE
Toxicities of muscarinic antagonists
opposite of SLUDGE
CNS Effects of muscarinic antagonist toxicities
sedation
amnesia
delirium
coma or convulsions
Contraindications of Muscarinic Antagonists
angle-closure glaucoma
prostatic hyperplasia
acid-peptic disease (non-selective agents)
M1 = stomach acid secretion
M2 = GI movement
Atropine
muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
belladonna alkaloid
Uses for atropine
cosmetic (increase pupil size)
medicine (decrease diarrhea)
poison
Cardiovascular Effects of atropine
increased HR
increased Strength
Respiratory effects of atropine
relaxation of bronchial muscles
GI effects with atropine
decreased motility and secretions
GU effects of atropine
acts on kidney and ureters
Atropine effects in the EYE
blocks sphincter muscle resulting in mydriasis
weakens ciliary muscle leading to cycloplegia (loss of accomidation)
Toxic effects of atropine
red
hot
dry
mad
blind
Scopolamine
belladonna alkaloid
muscarinic antagonist
greater CNS activity
more sedative
Use of scopolamine
prevent and treat motion sickness
preanesthetic (dry secretions)
Synthetic muscarinic antagonists
propantheline
methantheline
tolterodine
propantheline
synthetic muscarinic antagonist
used for peptic ulcers
slows gastric emptying
decreases GI tone, motility and secretions
Methantheline
synthetic muscarinic antagonist
anti-saliva drug
tolterodine
synthetic muscarinic antagonist
some M3 selectivity
treatment of urinary incontinece in adults
Cyclopentolate
Antagonist
mydriasis
cycloplegia
Glycopyrolate
antagonist
preoperative med
IBS
Tropicamide
dilation
mydriasis
cycloplegia
Phenylephrine
alpha agonist
mydriasis without cycloplegia
reverse with pilocarpine or alpha blocker
Ipratropium
dry mouth
cough
metalic taste
used for COPD, Asthma and Nasal rhinorrhea
Treatment of reversible AChE inhibition
Atropine
treatment of irreversible AChE inhibition
atropine
pralidoxime
Nicotine
stimulation and blockade of nicotinic receptors in high doses
Competitive nicotinic ganglionic antagonists
trimethaphan
TEA
mecamylamine (low doses)
Non-competitive nicotinic ganglionic antagonists
hexamethonium
mecamylamine (high doses)
Neuromuscular junction nicotinic competitive antagonist
tubocurarine
blocks acces to receptor binding site
does not cross BBB
Neuromuscular junction depolarizing agents
succinylcholine
vecuronium
pancuronium
CNS effects of ganglionic blockers (nicotinic antagonists)
sedation
tremor
Eye effects of ganglionic blockers
predictable cycloplegia
unpredictable pupil effect
predominant parasympathetic effect - dilation ?
Cardiovascular effects of nicotinic antagonist ganglionic blockers
hypotension
moderate tachycardia
Other effects of ganglionic blockers
GI constipation
urinary retention
erection and ejaculation dysfunction
increased response to autonomic drugs
Curare
poison which paralyzes respiratory muscles
Drugs altering the synthesis, release or degradation of ACh
hemicholinium
botulinium toxin
black widow spider venom
tetrodotoxin
dantroline
Hemicholinium
ACh reuptake inhibitor
Botulinum toxin
prevents release of ACh by interfering with Ca
2+
influx
Black widow spider venom (latrotoxin)
increases ACh release
Tetrodotoxin
Na
+
Channel blocker
Dantrolene
depresses excitation contraction coupling inside muscle cells
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Author
Rx2013
ID
44049
Card Set
Pharmacology Exam 3
Description
Cholinergic Blockers and Cholinesterase regenterators
Updated
2010-10-21T21:26:04Z
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