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How do you know if they are ready for pureed foods
- able to hold head up and sit with support
- able to push off on straightened arms on tummy
- draw bottom lip as a spoon is removed
- hold food in back of mouth and swallow
- turn head away when full
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How do they indicate hunger and satiety
- infants: cry, move arms and legs, turn head and swipe toward food, open mouth; often coo and smile when being fed
- toddlers: point and ask or reach
- satisfied toddlers: slow, distracted, play, throw, refuse, get up
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benefits of breast milk
- type of fat found in bm is easily absorbed
- protein composition is easily digested
- fat promotes brain and vision development
- bm contains enzymes that help with absorption of p, f, c
- prevent illnesses, and infection
- iq tests
- developmental delays
- healthy weight
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what foods to avoid choking?
- slippery foods
- sticky, chewy foods
- dry, hard foods
- firm foods that can get caught
- easy to inhale
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benefits of breakfast
- increased math and reading scores
- improved school behavior
- improved attentiveness
- improved speed and mental abilities
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tips for creating a good environment
- offer new food when happy and healthy
- encourage to taste each food
- serve at least one food they like
- take time 3-5 days between new foods
- avoid showing frustration
- explore them together
- invite a friend
- no rewards or punishment
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responsibilities of adults
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responsibilities of child
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tips for food jags
- continue to offer normal menu
- avoid rewards for desired foods
- be patient, it i will pass
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tips for selective eaters
- understand that some are sensitive
- model
- don't label
- allow time for eating habits to change
- go through stages
- don't offer alternate foods
- serve with a straw
- provide dips
- offer unliked foods with foods they like
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activities to teach nutrition
- taste tests
- drawing game
- sing songs
- finger plays
- games
- books
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nutrient needs of infants
- fastest rate of growth
- high nutrient dense food
- breast milk or iron rich formula
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nutritional needs of toddlers
- physical growth rate slows
- behavioral change is rapid
- autonomy vs shame and doubt- separate human beings
- appetite decreases
- picky eaters/ food jags
- eat often-grazers
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nutritional needs of preschoolers
- appetite usually good but changes
- small servings
- decreased rate of growth, so unpredictable
- body fat decreases
- food preferences
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nutritional needs of school-age
- rate of growth is slow and steady
- nutrient requirements and portion sizes increase
- three meals and three snacks
- decreased physical activity can become probematic
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school lunches
- must provide at least 1/3rd of RDAs
- keep fat at 30% of total calories or less
- eat lunch after recess
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nutritional concerns during school age
- breakfast intake
- fat intake
- snacks
- need variety of foods
- encourage positive, healthy habits
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concerns for toddlers and preschoolers
- too much milk
- refusal to eat
- dawdling, messiness
- food jags
- effects of tv and advertising
- fast food consumption
- decrease in veggies
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food rewards and punishments
- reward foods are preferred
- object of reward is less preferred
- punishment creates negative food experiences
- punishment may lead to food avoidance
- neither reward nor punishment works long term
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complementary foods
- too early can increase risk of choking, exzema, food allergies
- 4-6 months-10 months
- variety is important to increase likelihood that they will like foods
- banana progression
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eating problems
- be patient
- teach the parent
- introduce assistive eating tools
- read baby's cues
- be supportive
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