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classifications of analgesics: opioid
analgesics relieve pain. opioid: controlled, contain natural opium alkaloids and synthetics. tolerance, dependence and addiction possible.
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actions and class. of nonopioid analgesics
often otc meds, relieve mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation.
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butorphanol
- Stadol, Stadol NS-
- moderate to severe acute pain
- opioid
-
codeine
- Codeine
- -mild to moderate acute chronic, and cancer pain; antitussive
- opioid
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fentanyl citrate
- Sublimaze
- -moderate to severe acute, chronic, or cancer pain
- Duragesic
- -(transdermal patches)-not for acute pain
- opioid
-
hydrocodone
- Lorcet-
- moderate acute,chronic, cancer pain or antitussive
- opioid
-
hydrocodone with acetaminophen
- Lortab-
- moderate acute, chronic, cancer pain
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hydromorphone
- Dilaudid
- - moderate to severe chronic of cancer pain
- opioid
-
meperidine
- Demerol
- - moderate to severe acute pain, not for chronic pain; not for older people.
- opioid
-
methadone
Dolophine
- - Severe acute chronic and cancer pain; narcotic with drawal
- opioid
-
morphine sulfate
- opioid --Morphine
- MS Contin
- Avinza SR cap
- MSIR-immediate release
- moderate to severe acute,chronic, or cancer pain.don't crush possible fatal OD
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oxycodone
- Oxycontin
- -abuse potential Fatal OD, no crush
- Roxicodone
- -moderate to severe acute chronic or cancer pain
- opioid
-
oxycodone with aspirin (asa)
- Percodan
- -pain reliever
- opioid
-
oxycodone with acetaminophen
- Tylox
- Percocet:
- moderate to severe acute chronic cancer pain
- opioid
-
pentazocaine
- Talwin-NX
- moderate to severe pain. not for older pt
- opioid
-
propoxyphene KCl
- Darvon
- -mild to moderate
- opioid
-
propoxyphene with APAP
- Darvocet
- -not for older adults; mild to moderate pain
- opioid
-
acetylsalicylic acid
- Aspirin-nonopioid
- ASA
- Ecotrin
- Ascriptin
- Bufferin---give with food or milk
-
acetaminophen
- Tylenol
- Panadol
- Tempra
- nonopioid
-
-
ASA and meprobamate
- Equagesic
- used to treat pain accompanied by anxiety/tension
- nonopioid
-
ASA,APAP, and caffeine.
- Excedrin
- -migraine headache
- nonopioid
-
butalbital, caffeine, and APAP
- Esgic
- Fioricet
- -treats pain accompanied by anxiety/tension
- nonopioid
-
tramadol
- Ultram
- -strong analgesic not controlled
- nonopioid
-
tramadol with APAP
- Ultracet
- -strong analgesic not controlled
- nonopioid
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amitriptyline
- Elavil
- -caution combining with opioids. interacts with CNS tk in pm
- tricyclic antidepressants
-
nortriptyline
- Pamelor
- tricyclic antidepressants
-
imipramine
- Tofranil
- tricyclic antidepressant
-
carbamazepine
- Tegretol
- -for trigeminal neuralgia
- anticonvulsant
-
gabapentin
- Neurontin
- -nerve pain; postherpetic neualgia
- anticonvulsant
-
lamotrigine
- Lamictal
- -use when pt is unresponsive to other meds
- anticonvulsant
-
lidocaine
- Lidoderm
- -postherpetic neuralgia-transdermal patches
- local anesthetic
-
-
rizatriptan
- Maxalt
- Maxalt ODT
- antimigraine
-
-
chloral hydrate
- short term treatment of insomnia
- stops being effective after 2 weeks
- nonbarbituarate
-
estazolam
- Prosom
- rapid onset immediate duration
- nonbarbituarate
-
flurazepam
- Dalmane
- rapid onset, long half-life
- nonbarbituarate
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temazepam
- Restoril
- intermediate onset, duration
- nonbarbituarate
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triazolam
- Halcion
- can cause amnesia, hallucinations, bizarre behavior
- rapid onset, short duration
- nonbarbituarate
-
zolpidem
- Ambien
- rapid induction 30 minutes, short duration (3h)
- nonbarbituarate
-
zaleplon
- Sonata
- Rapid onset; very short half life give qhs
- nonbarbituarate
-
caffeine citrate
- Cafcit
- neonatal apena-do not use caffeine and sodium benzoate
- CNS stimulant
-
amphetamines
- Adderall,Adderall XR
- for narcolepsy,ADD,ADHD >3yo
- CNS stimulant
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methylphenidate
- Ritalin,Ritalin SR,Metadate ER, Metadate CD, Ritalin LA, Concerta
- >6-for narcolepsy,ADD,ADHD,senile apathy,major depression
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modafinil
- Provigil
- For narcolepsy,sleep apnea, and shiftwork sleep disorder
-
atomoxetine
- Stattera
- ADHD
- suicidal risks
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