-
-
COMPACT STATES = states with loosely circular shape; easy to govern and defend ex: poland, Belgium
states with loosely circular shape; easy to govern and defend ex: poland, Belgium
-
FRAGMENTED:
broken apart; separated by water. Difficult to govern. ex: Indonesia, Japan
-
ELONGATED:
stretched a long distance form one end to another. EX: Chile
-
PRORUPT:
States with extended arm. Ex: Thailand
-
Perforated:
States that have another state inside them. EX: South africa, Italy
-
Landlocked:
Completely surrounded by other countries with no access to sea. Ex: Mongolia
-
Exclave:
An area that belongs to a state, but is not physically connected to said state.Ex: Alaska, Kaliningrad.
-
Enclave:
A separate part of a state that is completely surrounded by another. Ex: Armenia and Azerbaijan
-
Natural Boundary:
State is separated by
-
Artificial Boundary:
EX: Canada and the USA are separated by the 49th parallel.
-
County:
How different states in the USA are split up, so each piece has equal representation. Divided by population.
-
Congressional Districts:
Separated by population
-
Jerrymandering:
Making congressional districts into different areas to get a lead on voting
-
Centripetal force:
Pulls a country together
-
Centrifugal force:
Pushes a country apart
-
Representative Democracy:
Representatives; multiple political parties
-
Direct Democracy:
1 person, one vote; multiple political parties
-
Absolute Monarchy:
King/Queen rule all
-
Constitutional Monarchy:
Figureheads; Parliament makes laws
-
Dictatorship:
One person rules everything. Ex: Kim Jong Il
-
Communism:
Political power held by government. Government type and economic system.
-
Socialism:
Elected officials and government ownership of business. Everyone supports each other with higher taxes.
-
Oligarchy:
Ruled by few. Wealthy make decisions.
-
Fascism:
strong leadership, singular collective identity, and the will and ability to commit violence and wage war in order to keep the nation strong.
-
-
Republic:
Elect a few representative to make all decisions. Based on the people.
-
Nation:
Group of common ancestry. Ex: Native Americans.
-
State:
A country with recognized borders.
-
Nation-state:
The only nation within a state. Ratio of nation to state is 1:x
-
Stateless Nation:
Nation without a state. Ex: Kurds, Palestinians, Basques
-
Multinational State:
A state with many different nations conglomerated within said state.
-
Market Economy:
Goods and Production determined by consumer demand.
-
Socialist economy:
Government can take over the companies on demand
-
Traditional Economy:
Barter; goods are consumed by the goods makers. Generally agricultural/rural
-
Renewable resources:
Can be replaced through natural processes
-
non-renewable:
cant be replaced upon removal from ground
-
inexhaustible energy sources:
result of solar or planetary processes; unlimited
-
Primary activities:
Gathering raw materials, such as timber, from the ground.
-
Primary activity example:
Farming
-
Secondary activities:
iadding value to materials by changing their form.
-
Secondary activity examples:
Manufacturing
-
Tertiary Activities:
providing business or professional services.
-
Tertiary activity example:
salespeople, teachers, doctors.
-
Quarternary Activities:
Providing information, management, and research.
-
Quarternary Activity Example:
Manager, researcher
-
Gross national product:
value of everything made by the country over a period of time
-
Gross domestic product:
value of everything made within the country over time
-
infrastructure:
basic support systems needed to keep an economy going.
-
Examples of infrastructure:
power, communications, water, sanitation, and education systems.
-
Per capita income:
the average amount of income achieved per person.
-
URBAN MODELS:
multiple nuclei, concentric zone, sector.
-
Multiple Nuclei
a city may have started with a central business district, similar industries with common land-use and financial requirements are established near each other. These groupings influence their immediate neighborhood.
-
Concentric zone:
five rings, CBD in the center
-
Sector Model:
While accepting the existence of a central business district, Hoyt suggested that zones expand outward from the city center along railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries.
-
Urban heirarchy:
City -> town -> Village -> Hamlet
-
Rank size rule:
City = 1; Town = 1/2; Village = 1/3; Hamlet = 1/4.
|
|
