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hyperbole
extreme exaggeration, often humorous, it can also be ironic; the opposite of understatement
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antithesis
the presentation of two contrasting images. the ideas are balanced by word phrase, clause or paragraphs
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pathos
the aspects of a text that elicit pity from the audience. an appeal to emotion can be used as means to persuade.
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metonymy
a figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea
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metaphor
a direct comparison between dissimilar things
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paradox
a statement that seems contradictory on the surface, yet contains a measure of truth.
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enthymeme
a two part line of logical thought in which one premise is implied
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onomatopoeia
words that sound like the sound they represent
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logos
an author's use of reason and evidence to arrive at conclusions as opposed to emotion. often authors use a framework that seems that sets up a chain of reasoning to arrive at a specific conclusion
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ethos
how an author establishes hi/her credibility, trustworthiness or knowledge to the audience
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euphimism
a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable
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anecdote
a story or brief episode told by the writer to illustrate a point
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parallelism
the presentation of several equivalent ideas phrase in similar grammatical structure
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allusion
a reference to another more famous work (such as the Bible and Mythology) contained in a work
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irony
an unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended to happen
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polysyndeton
the deliberate repetition of similar conjunctions between works, phrases or clauses
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syllogism
the format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise and a conclusion
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apposition
a noun that further describes or clarifies a noun standing next to it
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litotes
to understate something by denying the opposite of the idea mind-often using a not-un construction
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satire
a mode of writing based on ridicule, that criticizes the foibles and follies of society without necessarily offering a solution
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allegory
a work that functions on a symbolic level
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sarcasm
a comic technique that ridicules through caustic language, irony and wit to mock or scorn
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red herring
an intentional stray from the topic at hand-to distract audience from topic
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simile
an indirect comparison that uses the words like or as to link differing items in the comparison
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synecdoche
a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole
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