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Thymus Gland
- Location: Upper anterior part of the thorax, above the heart.
- Function: Produce T-lymphocytes
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Peyer's patches
- Location: Found in the walls of the small intestines
- Functions: Detect and respond to foreign matter found in the gstrointestinal tract; provide a significant defense against ingested pathogens
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Lymph Nodes
- -Filter and cleanse the the lymph before entering the blood
- -Produce lymphocytes
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Immune
Protected from or resistant to a disease or infection by a pathogenic organism as a result of the developement of antibodies or cell-mediated immunity
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Lymphangitis
Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels draining a body part that is inflammed or infected
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Parts of the lymphatic system
- Lymph
- Lymph vessels
- Lymph nodes
- Tonsils
- Spleen
- Thymus Gland
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Lymph
- Difuses from capillaries into the tissue spaces
- Simillar in composition to blood plasma
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Spleen
- Location: Upper Left Quadrant
- Function: Produces lymphocytes and monocytes; acts as a resevior for clood in case of emergency
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Names for Lymph
- Interstitial Fluid
- Tissue Fluid
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Lymph flow to the heart
Lymph travels from nodes--> Small lymphatics--> Larger lymphatics--> to thoracic duct/ right lymphatic duct--> right or left subclavian--> superior vena cava-->RA
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Tonsils
- Palatine: Located on each side of the soft palate
- Adenoids: Located close to the internal opening of the nasal cavity in the upper part of the throat
- Lingual: Found on back of tounge
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Thyroxin(T3)
- Controls the rate of metabolism, how cells use glucose and oxygen to produce heat and energy
- Stimulates protein synthesis and thus helps in tissue growth
- Stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen to glucose
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Cortisol
- Increase the amount of glucose in the blood
- Help the body resist the aggrivations caused by various everyday stresses
- Decrease edema in inflammation and reduce pain by inhibiting prosta glandin
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Somato
Combining forms meaning body
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Glyc/o
Indicating a relationship to sugars or the presence or gylcerol or a simillar substance
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Thyroid Gland
- Location: Anterior part of the neck; either side of the laranyx over the trachea
- Function: Secretes T3, T4, and Calcitonin
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Isles of Langerhan
Located on the pancreas
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Adrenopathy
Any disease of the adrenal glans
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Hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary
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Negative Feedback
Occurs when there is a drop in the level of a hormone
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Epinephorine
- Powerful cardiac stimulant
- Realse of more glucose from glycogen for muscle activity and increasing force and rate of the heart beat
- Increases cardiac output and venous return
- Raises the systolic blood pressure
- Fight or Flight
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Insulin
- Promotes utilization of glucose in the cells necessary for maintenance of blood sugar
- Promotes fatty acid transport and fat deposition into cells
- Promotes amino acid transport into cells
- Facillitates protein synthesis
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Function of placenta
- Secretes hCG
- Stimulates mother's hormones to maintain lining of uterus
- Secretes human placental lactogen(hPL- stimulates growth of breasts and regulates level of nutrients in mother's blood)
- Secretes Relaxin-(Softens cervix for dilation at birth helps open birth canal)
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Aldosterone
- Affects kidneys by increasing reabsorption of sodium in the blood circulation and increasing excretion of potassium
- Also speeds up reabsorption of water in the kidneys
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Calcitonin
- Controls the calcium ion concentration in the body by maintaining a proper calcium level in the blood
- Decreases calcium when levels in the blood are too high
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PTH
- Secreted by parathyroid glands
- Increases calcium when levels in the blood are too low
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Progesterone
- Produced by the cells or the corpus luteum
- Maintains the lining of the uterus
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Oxytocin
- Secreted by the posterior pituitary
- Causes intense contraction during child birth and can also happen during breastfeeding
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Testosterone
- Produced by the interstitial cells of the testes
- Responsible for developement of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics
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Hypercalcemia
An excess concentration of calcium in the blood
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Norepinephorine
- Secreted by the adrenal medulla
- Opposite of epinephorine for the most part
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ADH
Maintains water balance by increasing absorption of water in the kidney tubules
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Vitamin D
Needed for the absorption of calcium
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Gastrin Production
Stimulated by presence of food in the stomach
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Colecystokinn
- Stimulates contraction of the galbladder which releases bile
- Stimulates pancreas to secrete enzymes that help break down fat
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Prostaglandis
- Located in various tissues throughout the body
- Function depends on what part of the body secretes them some aid in constriction of blood vessels while other aid in dilation
- Can be used to enduce labor
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Crin/o
suffix meaning secrete
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Glucagon
- Secreted by the pancreas
- Function is that of insulin, its to increase levels of glucose in the bloodstream
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Growth Hormone
- Secreted by the anterior pituitary
- Accelerates body growth, and causes fat to be used for energy
- Helps to maintain blood sugar
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