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Formal Tests
- Systematic Observation
- Structured Interviews
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Informal Tests
- Unstructured and unsystematic
- Judgements on day to day basis
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Darwin 1872
- The Expressions of the Emtions in Man and AnimalsWe have emotions and recognize them because it had evolutionary value, it helped us survive
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Asch (1946)
- Took group of psychology students and split them into two groups, and told them to do a personality assessment of a person
- They then read the same list of adjectives about the person to each group, except changing the last adjective
- The last word for one group was warm, and for the other was cold
- After a conetent analysis both groups had very different assessments
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Why Do We Form Erroneous First Impressions?
- 1. Guilt by assosciation
- 2. Stereotyping
- 3. Pre-information
- 4. Inductive
- 5. Empathy
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Errors in Person Perception
- 1. Oversimplification (Schrmatization)
- 2. Halo Effect (both negative or positive)
- 3. Leniency Effect
- 4. Stereotypes
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Emotional Distractions
- 1. See same state in person
- 2. Distort person so to justify my state
- 3. Tuning into similiar need states
- 4. Defense mechanism projection (Empathy, barriersbetween you and another person are broken down, conscious)
- 5. "Assumed similiarity" (Unconcsious)
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Errors in Subject
- 1. Open and closed persons (teransparent vs. opaque)
- 2. Self-presentation
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Good Judges
- 1. Experience
- 2. Similarity (actual)
- 3. Intelligence
- 4. Insight
- 5. Social Skills
- 6. Detatchment
- 7. Caring for Others
- 8. Femaleness
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