-
what do anticoagulant drugs do?
- DO NOT dissolve blood clots
- prevents 2nd MI
- prevents DVT
-
-
-
-
is vitamin K a coagulant drug?
YES
-
Heparin was the 1st and can only be given...
subq or IV
-
can Heparin be given orally?
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
-
what is heparin is made from what 2 animals?
cow or pig
-
Heparin and Fragmin are measured in....
units
-
what is warfarin (coumadin)?
an oral anticoagulant
-
________prevents platelets from clumping together and forming a clot.
Platelet aggregation inhibitors
-
______stops thrombin from forming a clot. Used for angina.
Thrombin inhibitor drugs
-
what do thrombbolytics do?
dissolves clots
-
what 2 things bind to fibrin and convert into a non solid state?
thrombolytic drugs and tissue plasminogen
-
what is known as tPA and only given in ICU, ER, or SURGERY?
- tissue plasminogen activator drugs
- *activase
-
topical hemostatic drugs........
- contain gelatin, collagen fibers, cellulose, fibrin, or thrombin in a liquid or powder base and are applied topically
- *Gelfilm/Surgicel
-
anemia does what?
decreases number of red blood cells produced red bone marrow
-
anemia can be caused by....
- decreased amounts of iron and vit b12
- disease
- cancer
- radiation
- chemo drugs
-
types of anemia
- pernicious anemia
- sickle cell anemia
- megaloblastic anemia
- anemia of pregnancy
- iron deficiency anemia
- hemolytic anemia
-
what is hemophilia.....
inherited genetic abnormality causes deficiency of specific clotting factor
-
what is the most common hemophilia?
-
von Willebrand disease
inherited disorder by abnormally slow coagulation of epistaxis and gingival bleeding by deficency of factor VIII
-
Vit K (Aqua-mephyton)
used to start or restore normal blood clotting time.
-
what does Protamine sulfate do
reverses heparin and is it's antidotes.
-
what is another word for heart stop?
asystole
-
lifethreating conditions.....
- MI
- V-fib
- respiratory failure
- drug overdose
- chocking
-
p02 is known as what?
oxygen levels in the blood
-
pC02 is what?
carbon dioxide in blood
-
______has meds, defib, etc for emergency situations.
Crash carts
-
what does CPR mean?
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
-
ACLS means what?
advanced cardiac life support
-
what are the 3 ways drugs r given in emergency code situations?
- IV- push or bolus (double standard dose)
- *MOST COMMON
- Endotracheal-directly in lung
- Intracardiac-not often used
-
For cardiac arrhythmias......
- lidocaine is drug of choice for life threating v-fib
- *death could occur in 4 mins
-
Atropine is used for.......
bradycardia-blocks release of acetycholine
-
for asystole.......
epinephrine
-
Epi works in 3 ways.........
- 1. constricts blood vessels raising BP
- 2. increases heart rate raising BP
- 3. relaxes bronchial smooth muscles resulting in bronchodilation better air flow to lungs
-
calcium chloride....
stimulates heart contractions
-
Vasopressors-
- produce vasoconstriction and increase BP
- increase heart rate
- increase kidney perfusion
-
some VASOPRESSORS are......
Dopamine, Adrenalin, Isuprel, Norepinephrine
-
when do you use sodium bicarbonate?
when all else fails
-
Emetic drug is used to.
induce vomiting during an overdose
-
Syrup of ipecac...
can only be given to conscious patients and given in timely manner
-
absorbent drugs...
bind to toxin so it can't b absorbed
-
activated charcoal.....
absorbent and commonly given via NG tube to unconscious patient.
-
what does antagonist mean?
exerting an action opposite to original drug-preventing org. drug from becoming toxic.
-
some antagonist agents.......
- narcotic-Narcan
- tranquilizer-Romazicon
- Antidepressant-antilirium
-
Digibind and Mucomyst are also drugs for?
OVERDOSE
-
Adrenaline or Epipen is used for what?
anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis
-
6 reasons to give IV fluids......
- 1. correct decreased body fluid imbalance
- 2. correct decreased levels of electrolytes
- 3. provide nutrition
- 4.administer drugs
- 5. administer blood/plasma
- 6. maintain venous access in emergency or bt dosages
-
IV therapy
Continuous infustion/IV drip
fluid given continuously and is calculated by pts weight, fluid volume needs, and heart/kidney functions.
-
IV therapy
IV piggyback
drug is mixed with other or given back to back
-
IV therapy
IV push
single dose given through rubber stopper
-
KVO (keep vein open)
very slow rate
-
Hep lock
cathlon is connected to rubber stopper for periodic administration
-
common used IV fluids contain what?
electrolytes or dextrose
-
names of dextrose and water.....
- D5W
- D10W
- D20W
- D30W
- D50W-most common
-
when a pt does not need extra sugar what are they given?
sodium solution
-
normal saline is like.......
normal body fluids
-
Lactated Ringers (LR)
- dextrose and electrolytes
- *can b mixed with water
-
TPN or total parenteral nutrition or hyperalimentation is........
specially prepared solution provides nutritional needs when a pt can't eat
-
TPN contains........
proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals
-
Hickman is.....
the special cath that TPN is given
-
IV lipids
fat for nutritional purpose that add calories
-
Multi vit
total 12 vits (9 water soluble/3 fat soluble)
-
Blood can b transfused by.....
- whole blood
- packed RBCs
- Platelets
- plasma.....
-
whole blood...
complete correction of blood loss, may overload their system
-
whole blood info....
- must b typed matched
- good for 42 days
- add citrate to prolong refrige shelf life
-
packed red blood cells (PRBC)
- most plasma removed
- lacking proteins/clotting factors
- provide RBCs which carry O2
- *can cause fluid overload
-
platlets can b......
- given alone
- help form clot
- should b cross matched
- don't cause transfusion reaction
- shelf life 5 days
-
plasma and volume expanders-
- liquid portion of whole blood w/o any cellular components
- NOT need to b cross matched
- GIVEN to hemophiliacs
-
fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
- volume expander that contains proteins and clotting factors
- room air to b thawed
- onced thawed, MUST b thrown away
-
plasma protein fraction
- 5% plasma proteins
- no clotting factors
-
albumin
- plasma protein with no clotting factors
- life span 120 days
- *albuminar
-
cryoprecipitate
- clotting factor VIII and fibrinogen
- treats hemophiliacs
-
plasmapheresis
separation of blood cells from plasma then returning just blood
-
plasma volume expanders
- given IV
- restores blood volume to norm levels
- don't need regfrige
- good for many months
- *dextran and hespan
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