-
adenogenous
originating in a gland
aden/o (gland) - -genous (originating)
- (ad-eh-NAW-jeh-nuhs)
-
adenohypophysis
the anterior pituitary gland
aden/o (gland) - hypophys/o (pituitary gland)
- (Ad-eh-noh-hy-POFF-ih-sihs)
-
adrenal glands; adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla
- two glands, one located at the top of each kidney
- adrenal cortex is the outer portion, adrenal medulla is the inner portion
- adren/o (adrenal glands)
- cortex (L. bark); medulla (L. marrow, innermost part)
- (ah-DREE-nahl)
-
adrenaline
- synonym for epinephrine
- secreted from the adrenal medulla
- adren/o (adrenal glands)
- -ine (suffix used to form names of chemical substances)
- (ad-DREN-ah-lihn)
-
adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH)
pituitary secretion that stimulates the adrenal glands
cortic/o (cortex-"bark") - Gr. trophe (nourishment)
- -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
- (ah-DREE-oh-KOR-tih-ko-TROH-pik)
-
androgen
male hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
andro- (masculine) - -gen (suffix meaning "precursor of")
- (An-droh-jen)
-
aldosterone
one of the corticosteroids, hormones produced by the adrenal glands
ald (ehyd) + ster(ol) + -one (chemical offix) - (al-DOSS-teh-rone)
-
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water
anti- (against) - Gr. dia (through)
- -uresis (urination)
- (AN-tee-dy-uh-RET-ik)
-
calcitonin (CT)
hormone secreted by the thyroid to prevent too much calcium from absorbing into the bones
calci- (calcium) - Gr. tonos (to stretch)
- -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
- (kal-sih-TOH-nihn)
-
corticosteroids
steroid produced by the cortices of the adrenal glands, cortisol
cortic/o (L. cortex "bark") - Steros (solid)
- -oid (resemblance to)
- (KOR-tih-ko-STEHR-oyds)
-
endocrine
adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions directly into the blood stream
endo- (within, inner) - Gr. krino (to separate)
- (EN-doh-krin)
-
epinephrine
synonym for adrenaline, secreted from the adrenal medulla
epi- (upon) - nephr/o (kidney)
- -ine (suffix used to form the name of chemical substances)
- (Ep-ih-NEFF-rihn)
-
estrogen
one of two hormones secreted by the ovaries
Gr. oistrus (estrus) - -gen (producing)
- (EHS-troh-jen)
-
exocrine
adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions through a duct onto the skin or other epithelial surface
exo- (outside of) - Gr. krino (to separate)
- (EX-oh-krihn)
-
glucagon
hormone secreted by the pancreas
gluc/o (glucose) - Gr. ago (to lead)
- (GLOO-ka-guhn)
-
gonadotropin (FSH)
follicle-stimulating hormone; hormone promoting gonadal growth
Gr. gone (seed) - Gr. trophe (nourishment)
- -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
- (GO-nad-oh-TROH-pin)
-
gonadotropin (ICSH)
- interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
- hormone promoting gonadal growth in the male
Gr. gone (seed); Gr. trophe (nourishment); -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
-
gonadotropin (LH)
- luteinizing hormone
- stimulates ovulation
Gr. gone (seed); Gr. trophe (nourishment); -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
-
hormone
chemical messenger that is secreted by an endocrine gland directly into the bloodstream
Gr. hormao (to rouse or to set in motion) - (HOHR-mohn)
-
hydrocortisone
- an adrenal gland hormone secretion
- hydro- (water)
- cortic/o (Gr. cortex "bark)
- -one (chemical suffix)
- (hy-droh-KOR-tih-sone)
-
hypophysis
synonym for pituitary gland
hypophys/o (pituitary gland) - (hy-POFF-ih-sihs)
-
insulin
one of two hormones produced in the pancreas
L. insula (island) - (IN-soo-lihn)
-
islets of Langerhans
clusters of specialized cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin
after German pathologist Paul Langerhans, who described it in 1869 - islets are the regions of the pancreas that contain its hormone-producing cells
- (EYE-lets LAN-gehr-hans)
-
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland
melan/o (black) - -cyte (cell)
- Gr. hormao (to rouse or set in motion)
- (MEL-an-oh-syte)
-
melatonin
hormone secreted by the pineal gland
melanophore + Gr. tonos (to stretch) - -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
- (mel-ah-TONE-ihn)
-
neurohypophysis
synonym for posterior pituitary gland
neur/o (nerve) - hypophys/o (pituitary gland)
- (NUHR-oh-hy-POFF-ih-sihs)
-
noradrenaline
synonym for norepinephrine; secreted from the adrenal medulla
nor- (chemical prefix) - adrenal/o (adrenal glands)
- -ine (suffix used to denote chemical substances)
- (nor-ah-DREN-ah-lihn)
-
norepinephrine
synonym for noradrenaline; secreted from the adrenal medulla
nor- (chemical prefix); -ine (suffix used to denote chemical substances) - epi- (upon)
- Gr. nephros (kidney)
- (NOR-ehp-ih-NEFF-rihn)
-
ovaries
female gonads; two oval-shaped glands that are located in the pelvic cavity
L. ovum (egg) - (OH-vayr-ees)
-
oxytocin (OT)
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
Gr. oxytokos (swift birth) - -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
- (ox-ih-TOH-sihn)
-
pancreas
feather-shaped organ that lies posterior to the stomach
Gr. pancreas (sweetbread) - (PAN-kree-uhs)
-
parathyroid gland
secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
para- (prefix denoting involvement of two like parts; also denoting adjacent, alongside, near) - thry/o (thyroid gland)
- (pahr-ah-THY-royd)
-
parathyroid hormone; parathormone (PTH)
hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland
para- (prefix denoting involvement of two like parts; also denoting adjacent, alongside, near) - thry/o (thyroid gland)
- Gr. hormao (to set in motion)
-
pineal gland
gland that secretes melatonin, an antioxidant that is otherwise not well understood
L. pinus (pine) - -al (adjective ending)
- (PIHN-ee-ahl)
-
pituitary gland
- synonym for hypophysis
- master gland
- L. pituita
- (pih-TOO-ih-tahr-ee)
-
progesterone
one of two female hormones secreted by the ovary
L. pro (for) - L. gestare (to carry about)
- (proh-JES-ter-ohn)
-
prolactin (PRL)
a secretion of the anterior pituitary gland
L. pro (for) - L. lacteus (milky)
- (pro-LAK-tihn)
-
suprarenal glands
another name for the adrenal glands
supra- (above) - ren- (kidney)
- -al (pertaining to)
- (SOO-prah-REEN-ahl)
-
testes
male gonads; two oval organs that lie in the scrotum
L. plural form of testis (testicle) - (TES-tees)
-
testosterone
male hormone secreted by the testes
L. testis (testicle) - ster(ol)
- -one (chemical suffix)
- (teh-STAH-steh-rone)
-
thyroid gland
one of the four glands belonging solely to the endocrine system; located n the throat area
thyr/o (thyroid gland) - (THY-royd)
-
thyrotropin (TSH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyr/o (thyroid gland) - Gr. trophe (nourishment)
- -in (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
- (thy-ROT-roh-pihn)
-
thyroxine
a secretion of the thyroid gland
thyr/o (thyroid gland) - -ine (suffix used to form names of biochemical substances)
- (thy-ROK-sihn) (T[4])
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