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Clear Liquid Diet
- Broth (bouillon)
- coffee
- tea
- carbonated beverages
- clear fruit juices
- gelatin
- Popsicles
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Full Liquid Diet
- clear liquid diet
- addition of smooth-textured dairy products (ex: ice cream)
- custards
- refined cooked cereals
- vegetable juice
- pureed vegetables
- all fruit juices
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Pureed
- clear liquid diet
- full liquid diet
- scrambled eggs
- pureed meat, veggies, and fruits
- mashed potatoes and gravy
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Mechanical Soft Diet
- person with no teeth can eat this diet
- clear liquid diet
- full liquid diet
- pureed diet
- ground or finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut butter
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Soft/Low Residue Diet
- patients with GI problems use this diet to eliminate gas-producing food
- clear liquid, full liquid, pureed, and soft mechanical diet
- Addition of low-fiber, easily digested foods, such as pastas, casseroles, moist tender meats, and canned cooked fruits and vegetables. Desserts, cakes, and cookies without nuts or coconut.
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High Fiber Diet
Addition of fresh uncooked fruits, steamed vegetables, bran, oatmeal, and dried fruits.
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Low-Sodium Diet
4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500-mg sodium diets. These diets vary from no added salt to severe sodium restriction (500-mg sodium diet) that requires selective food purchases.
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Low-Cholesterol Diet
300 mg/day
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Diabetic Diet
- usually around 1800 calories
- include a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
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Polymetric Nutrition
- –GI tract must be able to absorb whole nutrients
- blenderized food: broken down to almost a liquid and contains all the nutrients a patient needs for the day
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Modular Nutrition
- Not nutritionally complete
- protein supplements: not the whole diet
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Elemental Nutrition
- –predigested nutrients
- used in patients who can't absorb (dysfunctional GI tract)
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Speciality Nutrition
Specific to nutritional needs (liver failure, pulmonary failure)
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Enteral tubes
- Nasogastric
- Nasointestinal
- Gastrostomy
- Jejuostomy
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Gastrostomy
- surgically
- >4 weeks (long term)
- patients with gastroparesis, aspiration, or reflux may use this method
- reduced discomfort of nose tubes and more secure, reliable access
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Jejuostomy
- surgically or endoscopically
- >4-5 weeks (long term)
- patients with gastroparesis, aspiration, or reflux may use this method
- reduced discomfort of nose tubes and more secure, reliable access
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How do you know if tube is in the right place?
- xray
- pH test: > 6 means improper placement
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Parenteral Nutrition (PN)
- nutrients via IV
- Clients who are unable to digest or absorb enteral nutrition benefit from PN.
- Clients in highly stressed physiological states such as sepsis, head injury, or burns are candidates for PN therapy
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Lipid Emulsions
- provide supplemental kilocalories and prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies
- usually white & opaque
- patient receives them over 24 hrs
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