Ch. 44 Nutrition (2)

• Broth (bouillon)
• coffee
• tea
• carbonated beverages
• clear fruit juices
• gelatin
• Popsicles

• clear liquid diet
• addition of smooth-textured dairy products (ex: ice cream)
• custards
• refined cooked cereals
• vegetable juice
• pureed vegetables
• all fruit juices

• clear liquid diet
• full liquid diet
• scrambled eggs
• pureed meat, veggies, and fruits
• mashed potatoes and gravy

• person with no teeth can eat this diet
• clear liquid diet
• full liquid diet
• pureed diet
• ground or finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut butter

• patients with GI problems use this diet to eliminate gas-producing food
• clear liquid, full liquid, pureed, and soft mechanical diet
• Addition of low-fiber, easily digested foods, such as pastas, casseroles, moist tender meats, and canned cooked fruits and vegetables. Desserts, cakes, and cookies without nuts or coconut.

Addition of fresh uncooked fruits, steamed vegetables, bran, oatmeal, and dried fruits.

4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500-mg sodium diets. These diets vary from no added salt to severe sodium restriction (500-mg sodium diet) that requires selective food purchases.

300 mg/day

• usually around 1800 calories
• include a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

• –GI tract must be able to absorb whole nutrients
• blenderized food: broken down to almost a liquid and contains all the nutrients a patient needs for the day

• Not nutritionally complete
• protein supplements: not the whole diet

• –predigested nutrients
• used in patients who can't absorb (dysfunctional GI tract)

Specific to nutritional needs (liver failure, pulmonary failure)

• Nasogastric
• Nasointestinal
• Gastrostomy
• Jejuostomy

• thru nose
• <4 weeks

• thru nose
• <4 weeks

• surgically
• >4 weeks (long term)
• patients with gastroparesis, aspiration, or reflux may use this method
• reduced discomfort of nose tubes and more secure, reliable access

• surgically or endoscopically
• >4-5 weeks (long term)
• patients with gastroparesis, aspiration, or reflux may use this method
• reduced discomfort of nose tubes and more secure, reliable access

• xray
• pH test: > 6 means improper placement

• nutrients via IV
• Clients who are unable to digest or absorb enteral nutrition benefit from PN.
• Clients in highly stressed physiological states such as sepsis, head injury, or burns are candidates for PN therapy

• provide supplemental kilocalories and prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies
• usually white & opaque
• patient receives them over 24 hrs