Chapter 5

Basic kinds of side effects of drug use can include ______.

A. nausea
B. changes in mental alertness
C. dependence
D. All of the above

The unpleasant effect that occurs when use of a drug is stopped is called ______.

A. potency
B. metabolism
C. withdrawal
D. threshold

Which of the following could contribute to individual variability in drug responses?

A. rate of metabolism by the liver
B. acidity of the urine
C. size of the person
D. All of the above

______ is the difference between the dose of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic effect versus the dose necessary to cause a toxic effect.

A. Pharmacokinetics
B. Therapeutic index
C. Synergism
D. Margin of safety

. Select the incorrect statement.

A. Potency is determined by the amount of drug necessary to cause a given effect.
B. Toxicity is not always related to dosage in a simple linear relationship.
C. Toxicity of a drug is unrelated to its potency.
D. A very potent drug often is effective at low doses.

Which of the following can be toxic at sufficiently high doses?

A. aspirin
B. vitamin A
C. table salt
D. All of the above

Which of the following best describes the concept “margin of safety”?

A. It compares the advantages and disadvantages of a drug.
B. Drugs with steep dose-response curves generally have a wide margin of safety.
C. It is a comparison of dosage for therapeutic versus toxic effects.
D. It is the same concept as “benefit/risk.”

The capacity of a drug to do damage or cause adverse effects in the body is called ______.

A. potency
B. metabolism
C. toxicity
D. tolerance

Pharmacologists refer to a perfect drug as a ______.

A. wonder drug
B. magic bullet
C. dynamic drug
D. super pill

Which of the following interactions best describes the analgesic effect when aspirin is combined with acetaminophen?

A. additive
B. antagonism
C. potentiation
D. synergism

What kind of drug effect occurs when one drug cancels or blocks the effect of another?

A. potentiation
B. additive interaction
C. antagonistic interaction
D. interceptive interaction

______ is the ability of one drug to enhance the effect of another.

A. Synergism
B. Metabolism
C. Potency
D. Toxicity

It is estimated that as many as ______ people die each year from mixing alcohol with CNS depressants.

A. 500
B. 300
C. 3000D. 30,000

Which of the following best describes synergistic drug interactions?

A. The effect of one drug does not alter the effect of another drug.
B. The effect of one drug cancels the effect of another.
C. The effects of two drugs sum together.
D. The presence of one drug enhances the effect of another drug.

In determining how drugs affect the body, pharmacologists need to be concerned with ______.

A. administration
B. distribution
C. biotransformation
D. All of the above

The study of factors that influence the distribution and concentration of drugs in the body is called ______.

A. pharmacokinetics
B. pharmacodynamics
C. teratogenics/macrodynamics
D. None of the above

Which of the following statements concerning drugs administered orally is incorrect?

A. Some drugs are inactivated by digestive enzymes in the gut when taken orally.
B. Drugs absorbed from the gut do not get to the liver for metabolism until after they are distributed throughout the body.
C. The onset of action is usually slower for drugs taken orally than for drugs given intravenously.
D. This is usually the most convenient form of drug administration.

The principal forms of drug administration include which of the following?

A. injection
B. oral ingestion
C. inhalation
D. All of the above

Which form of administration is likely to cause the fastest action?

A. intravenous injection
B. oral ingestion
C. intramuscular injection
D. topical application

Drugs administered using which of the following methods can enter the blood almost as quickly as intravenous injection?

A. topical application
B. oral ingestion
C. intramuscular injection
D. inhalation