Microbio Midterm

• Anchors outer membrane to the inner layer of peptidoglycan
• free floating

• anchored in the outer membrane of Gram-
• lipid & sugar
• when bound together, it's not toxic

• Associated with Gram-
• aquaporin
• entrance of water & water like structures

• acid fast bacterium
• lipodal "waxy"
• M. Leprae, M. tuberculosis

help keeps things together in peptidoglycan

goes through the cell wall & anchors cell structure & links it to the plasma/cell membrane of a Gram+

Proteins in the body that are recognized by the immune system and can produce an immune response

• Starts as a "slime layer" / a single layer of polysaccharide
• many, many slime layers = capsule
• microorganism that have the ability to produce a capsule are more virulent than those that don't

• Functions
• - Food source - keep food on hold
• - Protective function - like having another cell wall
• - Insular - helps the microorganism keep heat in
• - Facilitates adherence - can stick
• - Help to evade immune responses

degree of which something can cause harm

• Highly virulent
• -influenza
• Avirulent

• confer motility to a microbe
• do well in aqueous environments
• energy expensive
• - filament - outer whip part
• - hook - rotating protein
• - basal apparatus - attached to the cell membrane
• if a microbe is in starvation, it will drop it's flagella

the major protein that made up flagella

peritrichous

Amphitrichous

Lophotrichous

Monotrichous

to move towards chemicals

to move towards light

moving towards food

take away food, and place it on the other side

Place food in all directions

• structure that is used in gene transfer from one bacterium to another
• between two bacteria, one microbe has to have the gene to make a pilus
• made out of pilin (hollow tube)
• aka a "sex pilus"

allow bacterium to attach to a surface

an assembly of microorganisms that will first attach to a surface/fimbrae, and then start to attach to each other

• - starts off with a bacterium turning on the genes to make a fimbre that attaches to a surface
• - other bacteria will attach, and also attach to that bacteria as well

• produce a biofilm
• can restrict the flow and increase the pressure of the flow

• make proteins
• difference between a eukaryotic ribosome and a prokaryotic ribosome is size
• -ribosomes in bacteria are smaller

• watery solute matrix that gives integrity to the cell
• site of glycolosis

• brain of the cell for a bacterium
• functions like a nucleus, but doesn't have a nuclear membrane
• has the chromosomes that make the genes, that gives the codes to the proteins to make enzymes

• extrachromosomal DNA
• can vary in size
• can have several copies
• typically not vital to a bacteria's survival

• magnetic bodies
• made up of metal called magnetite
• allows bacterium to move without needing flagella
• move towards metals

• selectively permeable bilayer
• hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

• channels that allow things to come in and out
• antibiotics go in and affect the integrity of the membrane

• structures found within cytoplasm
• stores inorganic and organic compounds

• inorganic
• - iron compounds
• - calcium
• organic
• - polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) / biodegradable items contain this
• gas
• - marine or aquatic microbes
• - allows them to get places
• - CO2, H2, N2

• not involved in reproduction
• much involved in survival
• will be manufactured when a bacterium is under stress, or in the threat of death
• made up of organic acids and calcium (protein coat)

• UV radiation
• bleaching
• cytocon
• antibiotics

• take it's nucleoid and packs it up
• compound called dipicohnic acid and calcium, and produces a shell
• inside shell - few key enzymes, nucleic acid, all its genes, and dipicohnic acid
• rest of the cell degrades, and you're left with a spore

within a bacterium, inside

external

• terminal or subterminal spore
• clostridium

• Central spore
• Bacillus

• bacterial growth
• splits in half continuously
• when bacteria grow, they will reach a critical mass to give us a colony

Typical bacillus

E. coli

Klepciella