the part of the apparatus that does not move with the sample
What are the 4 uses for chromatography?
analyze, identify, purify, quantify
How does affinity affect the distance traveled by a sample in TLC?
The greater the affinity for the stationary phase, the shorter the distance the sample will travel. The greater the affinity for the mobile phase, the greater the distance the sample will have traveled.
T/F: In TLC, substances that are very soluble in the liquid used will have an Rf value closer to zero.
False! Substances that are very soluble in the liquid will have an Rf value closer to one. Substances that are more insoluble in the liquid will have an Rf value closer to zero.
What are some of the limitations and disadvantages to SPME?
1. Compounds should be volatile. Less volatile compounds need more heating and longer desorption times.
2. The coating on the fiber is very thin and can be easily overloaded with analyte.
Manipulation of what factor will maximize separation efficiency with LLE and SPE's?
pH
Specific to LLE, what 4 R groups are ionizable?
1. Carboxylic Acids
2. Amines
3. Hydroxyls
4. Phenolic Protons
T/F: In GC, as the polarity of the compound increases, the speed of elution also increases.
False! As polarity increases, the speed of elution decreases due to the affinity for the stationary phase.
How are column efficiency and HETP related?
As efficiency increases, the HETP decreases. Also, efficiency increases as the # of theoretical plates increases.
What is Plate Theory?
It explains the Gaussian shape of chromatographic peaks and their rate of movement down a column.
What is rate theory?
It accounts for the finite time necessary for a species to equilibrate between both phases in the column.
In normal phase LC, the ______ polar compounds elute first.
least
In reverse phase LC, the ______ polar compounds elute first.
most
Resolution
degree of peak separation
Efficiency
sharp chromatographic peaks
HPLC is a better choice than GC under these circumstances:
1. the samples lack thermal stability in GC
2. low volatility samples that do not vaporize in GC
