Exam 3 Psychology

• encoding
• storage
• retrieval

basic features of stimuli are analyzed

stimulus is recognized and given a label

meaning is understood and associations are made

how info is retained over time and how it is represented in memory

memory storage involves three separate systems

a fraction of a second or several seconds

an auditory sensory memory that's retained for several seconds

a visual sensory memory that is retained for one-fourth of a second

up to 30 seconds

arranging stimuli into a memorable sequence in order to recall

conscious repetition of information

photographic memory

mental workbench where information is manipulated and assembled to help an individual perform other cognitive tasks

speech

visual and spatial info

phonological, visuospatial and long-term memory

up to a lifetime

conscious recollection of information that can be verbally communicated

the where, when and what retention of information

knowledge of the world

nondeclarative memory of behavior that's affected by prior experience without being consciously recollected

skill memory

an implicit memory process that activates info in storage to help remember new info

the way automatic processes impact social behavior

items are organized from general to specific classes

memory elaboration through having multiple connections to the info

preexisting mental concept that is the framework that helps organize and interpret info

schema for an event

parallel distributed processing where memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons

two neurons are activated at the same time and the connection between them may be strengthened

• hippocampus
• frontal lobes
• temporal lobes
• amygdale

cerebellum

items at the beginning and end of a list are easier to recall than the middle terms

having a better recall for items at the beginning of a list

having a better recall for items at the end of the list

emotionally significant events that are recalled more accurately than everyday events

memories of real-life traumas are more accurate and longer-lasting than everyday events

an individual is so traumatized by an event that they forget it and then forget the act of forgetting

forgetting because the memory is so painful and anxiety-laden that remembering is intolerable

forgetting takes place because other info interferes with what is to be remembered

material that's learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material

material that's learned later disrupts retrieval of info learned earlier

when new info is learned, neurochemical "memory trace" is created but disintegrates over time

effortful retrieval occurs when confident you know something but cannot pull it out of memory

remembering info about doing something in the future including memory of intentions

the past

a memory disorder that affects retention of new info and events

a memory disorder involving memory loss for a segment of the past and not for new events