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pressure x16 to maintain flow if airway is reduced by half is what type of law
Poiseulle's law
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4 types of factors affecting airway resistance and lung compliance
- airway - swellling, tumors, obstruction
- tube - too small, too long, secretions, blood
- circuit - water, kinks
- lungs - copd, bronchitis
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formula of RAW
raw = change in pressure/flow
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change in pressure equation is
pip - ppl
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equation for static compliance
corrected vt / (ppl - peep)
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equation for dynamic compliance
corrected vt / (peak - peep)
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equation for corrected vt
expired vt - tubing vol
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equation for tubing vol
change in pressure x .3 ml/cmh20
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what type of compliance measures elastic resistance of chest wall and lungs
static compliance
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what type of compliance is measured with NO airflow
static compliance
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what type of compliance measures elastic resistance of airway, lung, and chest wall
dynamic compliance
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what type of compliance is measure with airflow
dynamic compliance
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what 3 types of conditions shows a low static compliance
- ards
- atelectasis
- tension pneumothorax
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what 3 types of conditions shows a low dynamic compliance
- bronchospasms
- kink of ETT
- airway obstruction
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resistance is seen in what type of loop
p-v loop
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an increased bowing of the loop equals a increased or decreased resistance
increased resistance
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lungs stiff/restrictive is a low or high compliance
low compliance
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a downward shift in p-v loop will show a what type of compliance? high or low?
low compliance
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lack of recoil/obstructive is a low or high compliance
high compliance
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upward shift in p-v loop will show a what type of compliance? high or low?
high compliance
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normal ranges for static compliance
40-60 ml/cmh20
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normal ranges for dynamic compliance
30-40 ml/cmh20
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3 types of factors influencing deadspace
- anatomic - upper airways
- alveolar - lack of blood flow to alveoli
- physiologic - sum of anatomic and alveolar deadspace
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equation for deadspace (Vd/Vt)
pac02 - pec02/pac02
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amount of ventilation in relation to the amount of pulmonary blood flow is called
v/q mismatch
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a decrease in alveolar ventilation is called
hypoventilation
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amount of vt that is used in gas exchange is called
alveolar volume (Va)
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equation for Va
vt - vd
inadequate blood flow
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normal shunt is
less than 10 %
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blood in excess of 02 is called
intrapulmonary shunting
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3 primary indications for CPAP
- osa - obstructive sleep apnea
- chf - congestive heart failure
- improve oxygenation
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2 primary indications for BIPAP
- ventilation
- improve oxygenation
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3 types of patients that are poor candidates for NPPV
- unable to wear a mask
- claustrophobic
- need immediate intubation
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3 types of delivery devices for NPPV
- face mask
- nasal mask
- nasal pillows
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4 types of complications with masks
- claustrophobia
- leaking
- breakdown
- vomiting
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initial settings for CPAP
+5
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if patient is snoring on CPAP, what should you do to the setting
increase CPAP
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initial settings for BIPAP
10/5
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if pt has a increase co2, what would should you do to the BIPAP setting
increase IPAP
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in BIPAP mode, IPAP is mainly used to adjust what?
ventilation
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in BIPAP mode, EPAP is mainly used to adjust what?
oxygenation
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