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Why were the Puritans beginning to lose control?
Decline in attendance at church
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Wanted to get the church back to the basics. "Fire and brimstone", dramatized witches
Cotton Mather
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Salem Village
Small, sleepy, quiet town, port city
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The town minister
Samuel Parris
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Parris' slave, confessed to witchcraft
Tituba
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Play/Movie that targeted the Salem Witch Trials
The Crucible
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How many cases of witchcraft in the colonies?
300
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An average townswoman that was declared a witch;put to death and hanged
Martha Carrier
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Wife condemned a witch
Governor William Phipps
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The toll of the Salem Witch Trials
19 dead
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Reasons for the Salem Witch Trials
Religious fervor, Puritan excuse to weed out the negative, backlash against women
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The heart of the family
Women
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Domestic duties of the woman
Take care of the children, cooking, cleaning, gardening
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Duties of women in the field
Slaughtered and cooked animals on property
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The man is out in the fields
Agrarian household
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Seen as free labor
Children
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Most widespread device in the early American colonies, people learned to read from this
the Bible
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Boys Apprentice to be
Blacksmiths, agrarians, distillers, mercantilism
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Girls apprentice to be
Mothers, involved in church affairs
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Basic Colonial Diet
Garden, Farm, Local goods, Hunting, Seasonal
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Primary meat of the colonists
Pork
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What colonials drank
Goat and Cow Milk
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A famous distiller
George Washington
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Archaic methods, bad things in blood were causing illness
Morbific matter
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Draining "bad blood"
Bloodletting
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Weird Remedies
Kidney Beans, Turkey Buzzard eggs, Rattlesnake flesh
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Another name for the French and Indian War
The Seven Years War
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Mother country lets their countries govern themselves, conciliation with the colonies. Coined by?
Salutary Neglect, Edmund Burke
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Do not have strength in numbers, respective of Native American culture, built a society based on alliances, uses the enemy as incentive
The French
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British War Governor
Robert Dinwiddie
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Elite, Lt. Colonell, leads 160 men into Ohio River valley, surrenders
George Washington
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Washingotn eradicated French patrol in an area, takes prisoners and takes them to the fort on lower ground; attacked from higher ground
Ft. Necessity
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General, arrogant, racist, elitist, believes there is no way that he'll lose
Edward Braddock
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French fortress, have to go through thick Pennsylvania forest
Ft. Duquesne
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Guerrilla warfare, 2200 men with Braddock, walks into an ambush, Braddock fatally wounded
Battle of Monongahela
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How was Braddock killed?
Arrogance, Lack of Native American Scouts, Lack of discipline in his troops, Underestimated the French
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One of the more important French generals. Captures many forts, has many victories, defended Quebec, did not understand relationship Native Americans-French
General Louis-Joseph Montcalm
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British fort captured by Montcalm and his men
Fort William Henry
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Why do they take prisoners?
Replace the dead, So Native Americans can get their POWs back, General Payment, Scalping
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How much more money did the English spend than the French?
10 times as much
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Fought in the Battle of Quebec
James Wolfe, fought the old fashioned way
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Another name for the Battle of Quebec
Battle of the plains of Abraham
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Prime minister, victory at all costs mentality, spend until we win
William Pitt
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Treaty of Paris- English gained
Canada North America India Florida
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Treaty of Paris- Spain Gained
Louisiana, French, North America
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Treaty of Paris- Colonials gained
solidarity, unity,
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Ottawa Indian chirf attacks colonial and English forts in the Ohio River Valley; based on resistance
Pontiac's Rebellion
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Brutality in Western Penn, Native Americans are seen as menaces to society
The Battle of Bushy Run
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Eradicated everyone, fueled by rage
Paxton Boys
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Blankets laced with small pox
Germ Warfare
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Protect Native American rights, keep the peace, demarcation line-colonists ignored
Proclamation of 1763
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Create revenue, but a miniscule amount
Poll, property and excise tax
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Prime minister, believes it was "just and necessary" to tax
George Greenville
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Taxes wine, coffee, and molasses
The Sugar Act
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High taxes on French sugar, black market trade involved
The Molasses Act
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Controlled currency, colonial money not worth anything in English trade
Currency Act
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Forced the colonies to take in soldiers, Parliament disagrees with this, colonials must provide supplies
Quartering Act by Sir Thomas Gage
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Taxed colonial commercial and legal papers, playing cards and dice
The Stamp Act
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No colonists are represented in Parliament and none are allowed to vote
Taxation without representation
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American protester, seen as treasonous by some
Patrick Henry
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Leader of the Sons of Liberty, could be seen as terroristic
Samuel Adams
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Sons of Liberty destroy his home, make an effigy of him, and burned down his new tax office
Andrew Oliver
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Popular tactic used on tax collectors
Tar & Feathering
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Loyal to the crown, mostly found in New England
Loyalists
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Prime minister during french and Indian war
William Pitt
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Chief financial advisor for William Pitt
Charles Townshend
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Acts used to grow the English government's treasury
The Townshend Acts
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Act specifically for New York
Suspending Act
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Taxation on most used and traded goods
Townshend duties
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Nickname for English soldiers
Lobsterbacks
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1st Victim of the Revolutionary War, Mullato
Crispus Attucks
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Crispus Attucks and companions started chain of open fire
Boston Massacre
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Drew Propaganda shaded towards the colonials
Paul Revere
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Defended the English in the Boston Massacre
John Adams
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Colonial merchants must pay tax to produce their own tea
Tea Act
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Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty impersonate Mohawk Indians, and throw 18 thousands pounds of tea into the harbor
The Boston Tea Party
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The English unleash these upon the colonies after the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
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New Governor of Massachusetts from the Intolerable Acts
Thomas Gage
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Fur and fish trade can continue, French control the Ohio river valley
The Quebec Act
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Life, Liberty, Property, Assembly, and trial by jury, no taxation without representation
Declaration of Colonial Rights
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Wants to recover everything from the New England powder houses without conflict
Governor General Gage
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Mounts a horse and rides to Lexington, meets Samuel and John Hancock, one if by land, two if by sea
Paul Revere's Ride
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The first battle of the American Revolution, colonials retreat, 15 minute fight
The Battle of Lexington and Concord
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Seek formal separation from English
Radicals-Patriots
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Separation from the English is a bad idea
Moderates- Loyalists, Tories
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Nominated by John Adams, well known and supported by Congress, leads the Continental army
George Washington
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Led by General William How, Colonials had advantage and had to retreat because they ran out of ammo
Bunker Hill
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Instills confidence in the colonials that they can defeat the English
Bunker Hillism
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German mercinaries that fight for the English, seen as beastly and brutal
Hessians
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150,000 copies, pamphlet written where people can understand it, explores both sides
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
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America's Divorce Papers, Life liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness, Signed?
Declaration of Independence, Signed July 4,1776
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The people have the power, who coined it?
Social contract- John Locke
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Monarch that the Declaration of Independence was sent to
King George III
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Included in signing the Declaration
John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin
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Polished hot shot, slave owner, strong and talented political writer and thinker
Thomas Jefferson
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Wanted to eliminate blacks from service- they'll expect something in return
Edward Rutledge
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Offer to slaves- if they choose to join the crown they would be freed
Lord Dunmore's Proclamation
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60 cannons, forced English out and takes Boston
Siege of Boston
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Howe beats Washington in New York
Battle of Brooklyn Heights
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Washington and his men attack Hessians right after Christmas and overwhelms them
The Battle of Trenton
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Washington wins as well after the Battle of Trenton here
Battle of Princeton
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The year of the hangman
1777
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Famous colonial general, 12,000 troops vs. Burgoyne's 6000
General Horatio Gates
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Philadelphia falls to the ENglish
Battle of Brandywine Creek
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Brutal conditions during the Winter, 2,500 die
Valley Forge
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Disciplinarian general
Frederick William Barron von Steuban
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Frontiersman, William Clark's brother, revolutionary war hero
George Rogers Clark
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George Rogers Clark deceives English guard with his number of men
Campaign to re-take Vincennes
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General Nathaniel Greene leads the Americans, Cornwallis blamed himself for not defeating the Americans here
Battle of Guilford Court House
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Inspired by the Pennsylvanian mutiny, around a dozen leave
New Jersey Mutiny
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Why did the British lose?
Inefficiency, home field disadvantage, overconfidence, politics
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