Controls vital bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate. In the Hindbrain.
Cerebellum
Body balance, coordinated movement. In the forebrain.
Thalamus
Sensory relay station. In the forebrain.
Fissure
A groove between gyri of the cerebral hemisphere that is larger and deeper than a sulcus. In the cerebral cortex.
Inferior Colliculi
Auditory reflexes. In the Mid brain.
Hypothalamus
Regulates bodily processes such as hunger, thirst, sexual behavior and temperature. In the forebrain.
Ridges or bumps
Gyri.
Corpus Callosum
commissure connecting two hemispheres of the brain. In the forebrain.
Reticular formation
Alerting structure.
Superior colliculi
Visual reflexes. In the midbrain.
Parietal lobe
somatosensory cortex
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex
Frontal Lobe
Broca's area or Motor Cortex.
Temporal lobe
Auditory Cortex or Wernicke's Area.
Two structures involved in Parkinson's
Substantion Nigra and Basal Ganglia
Person has difficulty understanding others and produces utterances that have no meaning would involve damage to what area? In what lobe?
Wernicke's area in the Temporal Lobe
A person with an expressive aphasia would have damage to this area, in what lobe?
Broca's Area in the Frontal lobe.
Most people, language is in this hemisphere..
LEFT !
A person who has loss of memory for events occurring after the amnesia-inducing brain surgery has ______ amnesia
anterograde
An individual who has loss of memory for events or information learned before the
surgery has ____ amnesia.
retrograde
Main treatment for ADD
Ritalin
Disconnecting the prefrontal lobes from the rest of the brain
Lobotomy
aphasia
language impairment caused by damage to the brain
Topographical representation
areas of the cortex (cortical areas) are systematically arranged, consistent with the body parts they control.
contralateral control
right side of the brain controls the left side of the body (vice/versa)
homunculus
little man
phantom limb
limb amputated, still feeling sensation.
parkinson's
movement problems/disorder. dementia. cognitive deficits.
basal ganglia
located in the frontal lobes. participate in motor activity by integrating and smoothing movements using information from the primary and secondary motor areas in the somatosensory cortex.
hippocampus
important for transferring information from short-term memory to long term memory.
unilateral neglect
a symptom of brain damage in which a person is unaware of one side of his body and of anything in the external world on the same side.
Korsakoff's
syndrome [wet brain] due to alcohol. vitamin B deficiency.
First type of sleep stage
Non REM
After first stage of sleep, you go into ___ sleep, ___ minutes later.
REM sleep, 90 minutes later.
during ___ sleep, brainwaves are similar to those of an awake person although it is hard to awaken the person; this stage is called..
REM sleep. Paradoxical sleep.
Sleep walking occurs in..
Non REM.
Dreams mainly occur in..
REM.
Bodily processes speed up in..
REM.
Night terrors occur in..
Non REM.
First half of the night, more ___ sleep occurs.
Non REM.
More ___ sleep in the second half of the night.
REM.
The quantity of REM _____ with age.
Decreases.
Partial paralysis in REM. This results from fiber pathways extending from a structure called..
Pons.
an amino acid that gets converted into serotonin is..
Tryptophan
Sleep disorder where a person has sleep attacks.
Narcolepsy.
In Narcolepsy a person goes straight into ___ sleep first, skipping ___ sleep.
REM sleep, Non REM.
3 characteristics of sleep disorders..
sleep paralysis, cataplexy, and hypnologic hallucinations.
waking up repeatedly in the night, gasping for air are characteristics of..
sleep apnea.
REM rebound
the phenomenon of compensating for lost dreaming by having more REM sleep in the recovery night.
the alternation of sleep and wakefulness on an approximately 24-hour cycle known as..
circadian rhythm.
When one member of a gene pair is more influential, such that its trait is expressed over the trait of the other gene, it is said to be..
dominant. (ex: brown eyes)
When a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene, the pair is said to be
Heterozygous. (ex: Bb, bB)
The observable characteristics of an individual are referred to as one
Phenotype. (ex: brown eyes, blonde hair, actual features.)
identical twins can be either monozygotic and dizygotic? if not, which?
FALSE, only monozygotic (one egg)
Nature vs. Nurture
difference between genes and environment in influencing behavior.
genes are composed of a double strand of molecules known as..
DNA. (deoxyribonucleic acid)
characteristics of red-green colorblindness
x-linked, males are more likely to have it and it is a recessive trait.
parents with blue eyes will have children with ___ eyes.
blue
In the disorder PKU, because of a missing enzyme, the body is unable to break down the amino acid ______ into tyrosine.
phenoalymine.
the actual genes a person inherits determines the..
genotype
the outward expression of the genes a person inherits determines the..
phenotype
Huntington's is an autosomal ______ disorder
dominant
PKU and sickle cell anemia are autosomal _____ disorders.
recessive.
another name for down syndrome is
tresomy 21
the genotype for klinefelter's is
x x y
the genotype for Turner's is
X O
"super male"
x y y
a photograph of chromosomes is called a
karyotype
two tests done for genetic disorders are
CVS and amniocentesis
amniocentesis and chronic villus sampling are..
types of genetic tests.
homozygous
same gene from both parents (BB, bb)
heterozygous
different gene from each parent (Bb, bB)
dominant
gene or trait that gets expressed
recessive
gene that gets masked
monozygotic twins
identical. one egg. genetically identical. same sex.
dizygotic twins
fraternal. two eggs. genetically same as any sibling. either sex.
huntington's disease
movement disorder. dementia. personality changes.
left hemisphere
language
right hemisphere
visual spatial abilities
right hemisphere can't identify in..
words (left hemisphere can)
receptive aphasia
problem with wernicke's area. problem with comprehension.
broca's area
language.
gyri
hills, bumps.
salci
valleys, grooves
nature
genetics
nurture
environment, learning, socialization.
autosomal dominant
one bad gene = have it. probability child gets it: 50%
