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HYPOnatremia (sodium)
-Low sodium
-Use of diuretics
- Assess:
- - Nausea
- - Vomiting
- - Muscle cramp & twitching
- Interventions:
- - Foods high in sodium
-
HYPERnatremia (sodium)
- Water deprivation
- Intake large in salt
- Profuse sweating
- Assess:
- - Thirst
- - Elevated temp
- - Dry, swollen tongue, sticky mucous memb
- - Hallucination
- Interventions:
- - Monitor change in orientation/ behavior
- - Look for excess thirst & increased temp
-
HYPOkalemia (potassium)
- D, V
- Steroid admin & antibiotics
- Assess:
- - Fatigue
- - decreased bowel motility
- - Arrythmias
- - Polyuria,nocturia, dilute urine
- - Hypotension
- Interventions:
- - educate about laxative & diuretic abuse
-
HYPERkalemia (potassium)
- High K+ intake
- Renal insufficency
- Assess:
- - N, D
- - Parathesis on face, tongue, feet, hands
- - Flaccid muscle paralysis
- Interventions;
- - Caution foods high in K+
- - NO PEE NO K+
-
HYPOcalcemia (calcium)
- Malabsorbption
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Asses:
- - Trousseau's & Chvostek's signs
- - Numbness & tingling of fingers & toes
- - Spasms of Laryngeal muscles
- Intervention:
- - Monitor condition of airway
- - Discuss calcium loss in nicotine & alcohol abuse
-
HYPERcalcemia (calcium)
- Prolonged immobilization
- Large dose of vitamin D
- Thiazide diuretics
- Assess:
- - Weakness
- - Constipation
- - Decreased memory and attention span
- - Polyuria
- - Renal stones
- Interventions:
- - Increase mobilization
- - Discourage excess consumption of milk
- - Force fluids to prevent formation of renal stones
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