-
Fascia surrounding kidney
Gerota�s fascia
-
Order of renal structures (anterior to posterior)
Vein, artery, renal pelvis
-
Location of ureters as compared to iliac vessels
Ureters cross over iliacs
-
Most common cause of acute renal insufficiency following surgery
Hypotension
-
Diagnostic study for kidney stones
UA, CT noncontrast
-
Most common kidney stone type
Calcium oxalate
-
Stones common in patients with terminal ileum resection
Calcium oxalate stones
-
Stones common in patients with infections (proteus)
Struvite stones
-
Indications for surgery for kidney stones (5)
Intractable pain, intractable infection, obstuction, renal damage, solitary kidney
-
Surgical treatments of kidney stones (6)
ESWL, ureteroscopy and stone extraction, stent, perc neph tube, open nephrolithotomy, urethrotomy
-
#1 cancer killer in men 25-35
testicular
-
treatment of testicular mass
orchiectomy through inguinal incision
-
diagnostic studies for patient with known testicular cancer (staging)
CXR, CT chest/abdomen
-
Diagnostic laboratory value correlating with tumor bulk in testicular tumors
LDH
-
#1 testicular tumor
seminoma
-
elevated laboratory value in seminoma
beta-hcg
-
treatment of seminoma
orchiectomy, XRT
-
type of nonseminomatous testicular cancer (4)
embryonal, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac
-
laboratory markers diagnostic for nonseminomatous testicular cancers
Alpha fetoprotein, beta-hcg
-
Most common metastatic sites for testicular cancer
Lungs, retroperitoneum
-
Treatment of stage 1 testicular cancer
Orchiectomy, prophylactic retroperitoneal node dissection
-
Treatment of stage 2 or greater testicular cancer
Orchiectomy, prophylactic retroperitoneal node dissection, chemo
-
Most common lobe where prostate cancer occurs
Posterior
-
Most common metastatic site for prostate cancer
Bone
-
Morbidity of prostate resection (3)
Stricture, impotence, incontinence
-
Size of kidney stone unlikely to pass
>6mm
-
treatment for intracapsular, nonmetastatic prostate cancer
XRT, radical prostatectomy
-
Treatment for extracapsular invasion or mets in prostate cancer
Leuprolide, flutamide, bilateral orchiectomy, ketoconazole
-
-
noncancerous reasons for elevated PSA (3)
prostatitis, BPH, chronic catheterization
-
most common primary tumor of kidney
renal cell carcinoma
-
most common location of RCC metastasis
lung
-
treatment of RCC
radical nephrectomy, regional node dissection, XRT, chemotherapy
-
most common tumor in kidney
metastasis (from breast)
-
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with RCC (4)
erythropoietin, PTHrp, ACTH, insulin
-
treatment of transitional cell CA of renal pelvis
radical nephroureterectomy
-
syndrome with multifocal and recurrent RCC, renal cysts, CNS tumors, pheochromocytomas
Von Hippel Lindau syndrome
-
Most common form of bladder cancer
Transitional cell
-
Risk factors for bladder cancer (3)
Smoking, aniline dye, cyclophosphamide
-
Treatment of T1 (muscle not involved) bladder cancer
Intravesical BCG or transurethral resection
-
Treatment of bladder cancer if muscle wall invaded
Cystectomy with ileal conduit, chemotherapy, XRT
-
Testicular problem common in teenage males; causes ischemia
Testicular torsion
-
Treatment of testicular torsion
Bilateral orchiopexy
-
Important techniques to avoid ureteral stricture during repair (4)
Spatulate ends, use absorbable suture, place a stent, place drains to identify/treat potential leaks
-
Most common area of prostate involved in BPH
Transitional zone
-
Treatment of BPH
Alpha blockers (terazosin, doxazosin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride), TURP
-
Hyponatremia secondary to irrigation with water; can cause seizures
Post-TURP syndrome
-
Consequence of spinal cord injury above T12; constant urination
Neurogenic bladder
-
Consequence of spinal cord injury below T12 (or post-APR); incomplete emptying
Neurogenic obstructive uropathy
-
Incontinence due to hypermobile urethra or loss of sphincter mechanism
Stress incontinence
-
Incontinence due to involuntary detrusor contraction
Urge incontinence
-
Incomplete bladder emptying and enlarged bladder, often secondary to obstruction
Overflow incontinence
-
Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux
Reimplantation of ureter
-
Treatment of ureteral duplication
Reimplantation of ureter
-
Treatment of hypospadias
Repair at 6 months with penile skin
-
Ventral defect in penile urethra
Hypospadias
-
Dorsal defect in penile urethra
Epispadias
-
Connection between umbilicus and bladder
Patent urachus
-
Most common cause of pneumaturia
Diverticulitis
-
Findings of WBC casts on UA indicate:
Pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis
-
Findings of RBC casts on UA indicate:
Glomerulonephritis
-
Treatment of priapism
Aspiration of corpus cavernosum with dilute epinephrine
-
Treatment of SCC of penis (and margin)
Penectomy, 2cm margin
-
Method to check for urine leak
Indigo carmine or methylene blue
|
|
