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Who srote this in 1844: "Europe stretches to the Alleghenies; America lies beyond.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Who wrote the lecture-essay "Self-Reliance"?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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"Kentucky Bluegrass"
The European bluegrass that thrived in burned canefields and provided good pasture for livestock.
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"Rendevous" system
Method by which the fur trade occurred: traders went out from St. Louis to a Rocky Mountain Valley and made camp to wait for Indians and trappers to arrive with goods to trade.
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George Caitlyn
Painter and student of Native American Life; among the first Americans to advocate the preservation of nature as a deliberate national poicy. He proposed the creation of a national park, and his plan came to fruition with Yellowstone Park in 1872.
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Disastrous problem that resulted in one fourth of Ireland's people dying of starvation or disease.
rot attacking the potato crop
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"Molly Maguires"
A shadowy Irish miners' union that rocked the Pennsylvania coal districts in the 1860s and 1870s.
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"twisting the British lion's tail"
The act of vulgarly insulting the British to win the Irish immigrants over politically.
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Carl Schurz
A zealous German liberal who fought against slavery and public corruption
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Conestoga wagon, Kenducky rifle, beer, and Christmas tree; also promoted Kindergarten and art and music.
German contributions to American culture
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"Continental Sunday"
The German tradition of making merry and drinking on the Sabbath.
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Star-Spangled banner party
later called the American, or "Know-Nothing Party", it wanted rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization. Promoted fictional literature about accounts against the Catholic Church.
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The City of Brotherly Love
Philadelphia
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Samuel Slater
"Father of the Factory System"; he was a skilled British mechanic who memorized machine plans and escaped from Britain to America to create the first efficient American machinery for spinning thread.
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Eli Whitney
Having been told that the South was suffering because of the difficulty of picking cotton by hand, he built, in ten days, the cotton gin; this was fifty times more effective. When he couldn't monopolize this, he turned to developing a method for the mass production of muskets.
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Elias Howe
Invented the sewing machine in 1846, which boosted the clothing industry
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Isaac Singer
perfected the sewing machine
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Samuel F. B. Morse
Invented the telegraph (and Morse Code) in 1844, revolutionizing American communtication
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limited liability
The business principle that limited an individual investor to risk no more than his own share of the corporation's stock in cases of legal claims or bankruptcy.
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Commonwealth v. Hunt
Massachusetts supreme court case that ruled that labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided that their methods were "honorable and peaceful".
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Catrharine Breecher
Unmarried daughter of a famous preacher and sister of Harriet Beecher Stow, she urged women to take up teaching.
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John Deere of Illinoise
Invented the steel plow in 1837
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Cyrus McCormick of VIrginia
Invented a mechanical mower-reaper, allowing a single man to do the harvesting that five men had done with sickles and scythes.
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Lancaster Turnpike
In Pennsylvania, a hard-surfaced road stretching from Philadelphia to Lancaster. Very successful. (1790's)
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National Road or Cumberland Road
Started in 1811 and finished in 1852, it stretched from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois.
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Robert Fulton
Created the first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807.
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Governor DeWitt Clinton
Governor of New York that led the Erie Canal project, which was started in 1817 and ended in 1825.
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Erie Canal
Finished in 1825; stretched 363 miles, connecting the Great Lakes to the HudsonRiver.
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Cyrus Field
Called "the greatest wire puller in history," in 1858 he stretched a cable under the Atlantic connecting Newfoundland to Ireland.
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Pony Express
Established in 1860 to carry mail quickly accross the two thousand miles between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California.
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John Jacob Astor
Fur-trader and real estate speculator who died with a $30 million estate.
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