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-mycin
Macrolide antibiotics
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-oxacin
Quinolone antibiotics
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-statin
Cholesterol lowering agents
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-sartan
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
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-sulfa
Sulfonamide antibiotics
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Site of action
the place where the drug produces an effect
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Sympathomimetics
mimic epinephrine
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Parasympathomimetics
mimic acetylcholine
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Sympatholytics
block epinephrine
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Parasympatholytics
block acetylcholine
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neurolytics
block nerve transmission
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Antihistamines
block the H-1 receptors
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First generation antihistamines
- Diphenhydramine
- Brompheniramine
- Chlorpheniramine
(More anticholinergic effects and drowsiness)
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Second generation antihistamines
- Fexofenadine
- Loratadine
- Cetirizine
(Less anticholinergic effects and drowsiness)
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anticonvulsant (antiepileptic) drug
Decrease seizure frequency by reducing the excitability of the brain's neurons
- - Phenytoin
- - Carbamazepine
- - Valproic acid
- - Lamotrigine
- - Gabapentin
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Gout
Disorder characterized by hyperuricemia
- abnormal concentration of uric acid in the blood
- Body fluids become supersaturated with uric acid and urate crystals accumulate in the tissues and joints
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Allopurinol (Gout treatment)
Decrease uric acid production
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Probenecid (Gout treatment)
Increase uric acid excretion
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Colchicine (Gout treatment)
Inhibit inflammation
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Definitive therapy (Infection treatment)
when the organism has been identified
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Preventative therapy (Infection treatment)
pre-op, pre-travel
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Bactericidal
Kills bacteria
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Bacteriostatic
Retards bacterial growth
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1st generation Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil, Cephalexin
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2nd generation Cephalosporins
Cefaclor, Cefuroxime
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3rd generation Cephalosporins
Cefdinir, Ceftibuten
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Macrolides
-Erythromycin
-Azithromycin
-Clarithromycin
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Psychotropic agents
Drugs that affect behavior, psychotic state, and sleep
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Three categories of Psychotropic agents
- Antidepressants
- Antipsychotics
- Sedative-hypnotics
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Depression
Loss of interest in daily life, insomnia, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness
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SSRI's
- Sertraline
- Paroxetine
- Fluvoxamine
- Citalopram
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Hypothyroidism
an underproduction of thyroid hormone
- Treatment: thyroid hormone, Levothyroxine
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Oral contraceptives
- Work mainly by inhibiting ovulation
- Combination of estrogen and progestin
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Three types of combination oral contraceptives
- Monophasic
- Biphasic
- Triphasic
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Monophasic
Ortho-Novum 1/35:
21 Peach tabs
- 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol
- 1 mg norethindrone
7 Green tabs
- Inert
(also: Necon 1/35, Norinyl 1+35)
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Biphasic
Ortho-Novum 10/11:
10 White tabs
- 0.5 mg norethindrone
- 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol
11 Peach tabs
- 1 mg norethindrone
- 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol
7 Green tabs
- Inert
(also: Necon 10/11)
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Triphasic
Ortho Tri-Cyclen:
7 White tabs
- 0.18 mg norgestimate
- 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol
7 Light blue tabs
- 0.215 mg norgestimate
- 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol
7 Blue tabs
- 0.25 mg norgestimate
- 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol
7 Green tabs
- Inert
(also: TriNessa)
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Osteoporosis
A disorder in which bone mass is reduced resulting in bone weakness and fractures
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Bisphosphonates (Osteoporosis treatment)
Inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts
- Etidronate
- Alendronate
- Risedronate
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Diabetes
Common disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to the body's inability to use glucose effectively and/or by insulin deficiency
Type 1: Insulin deficiency due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Type 2: Insulin resistance resulting in decreased glucose uptake in the cell; decrease in insulin production
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Sulfonylureas (Type 2 diabetes treatment)
Blood glucose lowering agents
- Glyburide
- Glipizide
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Biguanides (Type 2 Diabetes treatment)
Blood glucose lowering agents
- Metformin
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Thiazolindinediones (TZD's) (Type 2 Diabetes treatment)
Blood glucose lowering agents
- Pioglitazone
- Rosiglitazone
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Hypertension
A disorder characterized by an elevation of blood pressure above a normal range of 120/80 (systolic/diastolic)
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JNC-7 (guidelines)
The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on the prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
Normal: <120/and<80
Pre-HTN: (120-139)/(80-89)
Stage 1 HTN: (140-159)/(90-99)
Stage 2 HTN: >160/or≥100
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Diuretics (HTN treatment)
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Furosemide
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Beta blockers (BB) (HTN treatment)
- Atenolol (Tenormin)
- Metoprolol (Lopressor)
- Nadolol (Corgard)
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ACE inhibitors (ACEI) (HTN treatment)
ACEI= Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors:
- Benzapril
- Enalapril
- Quinapril
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Angiotensin II antagonists (HTN treatment)
AKA: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB):
- Losartan
- Olmesartan
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Calcium Channel blockers (CCB) (HTN treatment)
- Diltiazem
- Verapamil
- Amlodipine
- Nifedipine
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Hyperlipidemia (AKA "high cholesterol")
Disorder characterized by an excess of lipids in the blood
Known to cause atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries)
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HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors (Hyperlipidemia treatment)
Block the enzyme (HMG-CoA) used in the synthesis of cholesterol; thereby preventing cholesterol from being synthesized
- Fluvastatin
- Atorvastatin
- Pravastatin
- Simvastatin
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NSAIDS
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
To relieve mild to moderate pain, reduce fever and treat inflammation
- Ibuprofen
- Ketoprofen
- Naproxen
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