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Clinical Manifestations of GI dysfunction include:
- anorexia
- vomiting
- nausea
- projectile vomiting
- consstipation
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- GI bleeding
- hematemesis
- hematochezia
- melena
- occult bleeding
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Anorexia:
a lack of desire to eat
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Vomiting:
the forceful emptying of the stomach and intestinal contents through the mouth
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Nausea:
- a subjective experience that is associated with a number of conditions
- retching (dry heave)
- nonproductive vomiting
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Projectile vomiting:
spontneous vomiting
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Constipation:
infrequent or difficult defecation
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Diarrhea:
- increased frequency of bowel movements
- increased volume, fluidity, weight of the feces
- 3 mechanisms of diarrhea=
- --osmotic
- --secretory
- --motility
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Abdominal pain:
- parietal pain
- visceral pain
- referred pain
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Parietal Pain:
localized intense
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Visceral Pain:
poorly localized, diffuse, vague
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Referred Pain:
well localized
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Gastrointestinal Bleeding:
- upper GI or lower GI
- can be LIFE THREATENING
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Upper GI bleeding:
esophagus, stomach, or doudenum
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Lower GI bleeding:
jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum
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