Psychology Test Chapter 4

Everything of which we are aware at any given time - our thoughts, feelings, sensations, and external environment.

Changes in awareness produced by sleep, meditation, hypnosis, and drugs.

Within each 24-hour period, the regular fluctuation from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behaviors.

A pair of tiny structures in the brain's hypothalamus that control the timing of circadian rhythms; the biological clock.

The time during a 24-hour period when the biological clock is telling a person to go to sleep.

Non-rapid eye movement sleep, which consists of four sleep stages and is characterized by slow, regular respiration and heart rate, little body movement, an absence of rapid eye movements, and blood pressure and brain that are at their 24-hour low points.

A type of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, paralysis of large muscles, fast and irregular heart and respiration rates, increased brain-wave activity, and vivid dreams.

The increased amount of REM sleep that occurs after REM deprivation, often associated with unpleasant dreams or nightmares.

A period of sleep lasting about 90 minutes and including one or more stages of NREM sleep, followed by REM sleep.

The slowest brain-wave pattern; associated with deep sleep (stage 3 & 4 NREM sleep)

Deep sleep; associated with stage 3 & stage 4 sleep.

The deepest stage of NREM sleep, characterized by an EEG pattern of more than 50% delta waves.

The theory that the function of sleep is to restore body and mind.

The theory that sleep evolved to keep humans out of harm's way during the night; also known as the evolutionary theory.

A breif lapse ( 2 to 3 seconds long ) from wakefulness into sleep, usually occuring when a person has been sleep deprived.

A type of dream occuring almost continuously during each REM period and having a story like quality, typically more vivid, visual, and emotional then NREM dreams.

A type of dream occuring during NREM sleep that is typically less frequent and memorable then REM dreams are.

A dream that an individual is aware of dreaming and whose content the individual is often able to influence while the dream is in progress.

Freud's term for the content of a dream as recalled by the dreamer.

Freud's term for the underlying meaning of a dream.

THe hypothesis that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of the random firing of brain cells during REM sleep.

Sleep disturbances in which behaviors and psychological states that normally take place only in the waking state occur while a person is sleeping.

Sleepwalking; a parasomnia that occurs during partial arousal from stage 4 sleep.

A sleep disturbance that occurs during partial arousal from stage 4 sleep, in which the sleeper springs up in a state of panic

Frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep and are likely to be remembered in vivid detail.

Sleeptalking; a parasomnia that can occur during any sleep stage.

An incurable sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep.

A sleep disorder characterized by periods during sleep when breathing stops and the individual must awaken briefly in order to breathe.

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, by walking too early, or by sleep that is light, restless, or of poor quallity.