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Electromagnetic spectrum
the range of different kinds of electromagnetic radiation
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Electricmagnetic energy
is characterized by a frequency, a wavelength, and an amplitude
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Frequency (ν "nu" )
the number of wave maxima that pass by a fixed point per unit time.
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Hertz (Hz)
a unit of frequency; 1Hz = 1s^-1
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Wavelength (lambda)
the length of a wave from one maximum to the next (Section 3.1)
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Amplitude
a wave's height measured from the midpoint between peak and trough
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wavelength equation
- Wavelength * Frequency = Speed of light
- "lambda"(m) * "nu"(Hz) = c (m/s)
- rewritten
- "lambda" = c / "nu"
- or
- "nu" = c / "lambda"
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Line spectrum
the wavelengths of light emitted by an energetically excited atom
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Balmer–Rydberg equation
an equation that accounts for all lines in the hydrogen spectrum
1 / "lambda" == R(oo) ((1/m^2) - (1/n^2))
R(oo) = Rydberg constant == 1.097*10^-2 nm^-1
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Photon
the smallest possible amount of radiant energy; a quantum
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photon energy equation
E = h*"nu" == hc/"lambda"
- h = plack's constant: 6.626*10^-34
- c = speed of light: 3.00*10^8
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Avogadro's number
6.022*1023 unit of mole.
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joule
- is a unit of energy
- 1 j = 1(kg/m2)/s2
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the intensity of a light beam is a measure
of the number of photonsin the beam
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a measure of energies of the photons
frequency
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Quantum
the smallest possible amount of radiant energy
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de Broglie equation
- an equation that relates mass, wavelength, and velocity, m = h/λν
- λ = h/mν
- m: mass
- h: placks constant
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Quantum mechanical model
a model of atomic structure that concentrates on an electron's wavelike properties
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Heisenberg uncertainty principle
- The position and the velocity of an electron can never both be known beyond a certain level of precision
- (change in x"position")(Change in Mass "nu") => h / 4"pie"
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