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stomach muscularis mucosa
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stomach simple columnar epithelium
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stomach simple columnar epithelium
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what is protease?
enzyme that breaks down protien into peptides and amino acid
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peptidase?
enzyme that splits peptide bonds, releasing amino acid
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chyme?
semifld, acidic mixture of part digest food and digest secretions formed in stomach
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emulsification?
physical breakup of fats in digest tract forming small droplets accessible to digestive enzymes
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proenzyme
inactive enzyme
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mucins
glycoprotiens for lubrication
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where are parotid glands and sublingual glands located?
- parotid gland front of ear
- sublingual gland below floor of mouth
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purpose of lower esophageal sphincter?
prevent back up of stomach content
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what destroys most microorganisms that enter the stomach and why?
hydrochloric acid destroys microorganisms because of pH 1-2
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what forms common bile duct?
hepatic duct and cystic duct
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what is alkaline tide?
sudden influx of bicarbonate ions in blood. they are released from parietal cells that diffuse through interstitual fld to blood stream. when gastric glands secrete, bicarbonate enter blood stream to change pH of blood.
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structures associate w/ sm intestine?
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
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organs of digestive system?
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- sm intestine
- lg intestine
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accessory organs of digestive system?
- teeth
- toungue
- salivary glands
- liver
- pancreas
- gallbladder
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hormones of digestive system and function?
- 1) cholecystokinin (CCK) -pancreas for enzymes, gallbladder for contraction, duodenum for relax of hepatopancreatic sphincter, stomach for inhibit secretion and motion, CNS for reduction of hunger.
- 2) Enterocrinin- duodenal gland for alkaline mucus production
- 3) Gastrin- stomach for acid and enzyme production and increase motility
- 4) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide- pancreas for release insulin, stomach for inhibit secretion and motility, adipose tissue for lipid synthesis, skeletal muscle for glucose use
- 5) Secretin- pancreas for alkaline buffer, stomach for inhibit secretion and motility, liver for bile secretion
- 6) Vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP)- duodenum for buffer secretion, intestinal capillary dilation, stomach for inhibit acid production
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what specific things trigger digestive hormones? (specific for each hormone)
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)- lipid and protien arrival from stomach content
- Enterocrinin- arrival of stomach content in duodenum
- Gastrin- large amt of undigest protien in stomach content
- Gastric inhibitory Peptide- fat and glucose from stomach content
- Secretin- arrival of stomach content
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)- arrival of stomach content
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Phases of digestion?
- cephalic
- gastric
- intestinal
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what is the function of cephalic phase of digestion?
prepares stomach for food arrival
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what triggers cephalic phase?
- sight, smell, taste or thoughts of food
- vagus nerve
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what hormones are involved in cephalic phase?
- vagus nerve stimulate submucosal plexus
- mucous cells stimulate mucous
- chief cells stimulate pepsinogen
- parietal cell stimulate HCL
- G cell for gastrin
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function of gastric phase?
- enhance secretion started in cephalic phase
- begin protien digest and mixing
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what triggers gastric phase?
stretch and chemo receptors stimulate sumucosal and myenteric plexus
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function of intestinal phase?
control rate of chyme entry into duodenum
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hormones involved in intestinal phase?
- CCK stimulated by lipid an carbs in intestine inhibit cheif cell, parietal cell, mixing waves
- GIP (same as CCK)
- Secretin stimulated by decfrease pH in intestine inhibit (cells from above)
- gastrin stimulated by undigested protein in intestine stimulate cheif cells for pepsinogen, parietal cell for HCL
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