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Nutrient
Foods that contain elements necessary for body function, including water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
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Nutrient density
Proportion of essential nutrients to the number of calories of a specific food
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Carbohydrates
- 4 kcal
- Dietary classification of food such as sugars, starches, cellulose, and gum
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Amino acid
- Building blocks that construct proteins
- The end products of protein digestion
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Indespensible amino acid
the body does not synthesize
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Dispensible amino acids
the body synthesizes
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Fat
- 9 kcal
- triglycerides
- fatty acids
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Vitamins
Organic compounds essential in small quantities for normal physiological and metabolic functioning of the body
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Minerals
Inorganic elements essential to the body because of their role as catalysts in biochemical reactions
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Macrominerals
Minerals classified as having a daily requirement of 100 mg or more
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trace mineral
- Minerals when less than 100 mg is needed daily
- Microminerals
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Enzyme
Proteins produced by living cells that catalyze chemical reactions in organic matter
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Chyme
Viscous, semifluid contents of the stomach present during digestion of a meal that eventually pass into the intestines
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2 hormones small intestines secrete
- Secretin
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
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anabolism
conversion of simple substances into more complex compounds of living matter
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Catabolism
The breaksown of biochemical substances into simplee substances
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glycogenesis
Anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage
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Glycogenolysis
Catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water
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gluconeogenesis
Formation of glucose or glycogen from substances that are not carbohydrates, such as proteins or lipids
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Daily values
Set of dietary standards for eight nutrients and food categories
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
- 18-24.9 normal
- 25-30 overweight
- <30 obeses
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Enteral Nutrition
nutrients given in GI tract
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Parenteral nutrition
nutrition support given through IV
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enteral tube feeding
- Nasogastric
- Nasointestinal
- PEG
- PEJ
- Jejunostomy
- Gastrostomy
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