-
Pennate Muscles
- – (Shorter muscles that run oblique to their tendons)
- Unipennate – (Tibialis Posterior)
- Bipennnate – (Lumbricals)
- Multipennate – (Deltoid
-
Parallel Muscle
- long fibers that run parallel to the length of the muscle.
- Flat – (frontalis page 258)
- Fusiform (brachialis . pg 132)
- Sphincter (orbicularis oculi – page 326
- Triangular (Trapezius pg 68)
-
Aponeuroses
string sheet of fibrous connective tissue attaches muscle to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together
-
Atlas
1st cervical vertebrate
-
Axis
2nd cervical vertebrate
-
Fossa
A shallow depression
-
Process
A Natural growth that projects from a bone or another part
-
-
-
Tubercle
Nodule. Small eminence - on bone
-
Tuberosity
an elevation of protuberance, especially of a bone
-
Facet
smooth surfaced process of articulation (joint)
-
Lamina
any thin layer of membrane may be part of a structure as the luminae of the vertebral archLymph nodes – collect lymphatic fluid – filters toxins
-
Apidpose tissue
Fatty tissue
-
Bursae
small, fluid filled sac that reduces friction between two structures, ex knee of shoulder
-
Vein
carries blood and CO2 to the heart
-
Artery
carries blood and O2 to the body (Away from the heart)
-
Retinaculum
transverse thickening of deep fascia. Straps tendons down to hold in place. Ex top of the feet at ankle
-
Fascia
dense connective tissue
-
Superficial fascia
just below the skin, covers the entire body
-
Deep fascia
covers all muscles and bones
-
Ligament
attach bone to bone at joints
-
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
-
Rotation
head and vertebral column turns right or left on axial skeleton
-
Circumduction
should and hip joints – combo of flexion, abduction, adduction, and extension
-
Lateral flexion
lateral sided to side. Flexion bends a joint, ex. Head side to side
-
Supination
pivoting action of forearm - palms up (Carry the soup)
-
Pronation
pivoting action of forearm - palms down (Spill the soup)
-
Opposition
only applies to thumb and little finger meeting across the plain.
-
Inversion
combo of movements of the feet (turn in) elevates foot’s medial side and brings sole inward.
-
Eversion
combo of movements of the feet (turn out) elevates foot’s Lateral side
-
Extension
straightens of opens a joint
-
Flexion
bends a joint or brings bones closer together
-
Adduction
brings limb closer to the body
-
Abduction
moves limb away from the body
-
Medial rotation
rotating toward the body (occurs at the should and hip joints)
-
Lateral rotation
rotating away from the body (occurs at the should and hip joints)
-
Lateral
Towards the outside of the body
-
Distal
Away from the trunk of the body
-
Proximal
closer to the trunk of the body
-
Superficial
closer to the body surface
-
-
Superior
Towards the head
-
-
Cranial
closer to the head (When talking about the trunk of the body)
-
Caudial
closer to the buttocks (When talking about the trunk of the body)
-
Posterior
toward the back of the body
-
Anterior
toward the front of the body
-
Sagital plane
left and right halves of the body
-
Frontal or coronal plane
front and back portions of the body
-
Transverse plane
top and bottom portions of the body
-
Elevation
movement of the scapula and jaw. Moves toward the head
-
Depression
moves toward the feet
-
Deviation
not in the usual course, talking or chewing
-
Joint or articulation
point of contraction between bones
-
Synovial joints
have the most movement
-
Ball and socket joint
should moves in every plane
-
Ellipsoid joint
wrist, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction (Oval shaped bone fits in the elliptical basin)
-
Hinge
Elbow or knee like the hinge of a door
-
Plantar flexion
movement of the ankle, point the foot. Step on gas
-
Dorsiflexion
point foot upward
-
Protraction
scapula, clavicle, jaw, and head – protrude, moves towards the front of the body
-
Retraction
retract. Move towards the back of the body
-
Antagonist
struggle one who contends with or has the opposite of the other. Has the opposite action of the other.
-
Agonist
(Prime mover) a muscle or group of muscles that carry out the action
-
Synergist
(Works with, or assist) the muscle that supports the agonist or prime mover that carries out an action.
-
Skeletal Muscle
- voluntary contractile (contracts) tissue that moves the skeleton.
- 1) muscle cells (fibers)
- 2) layers of connective tissue (fascia)
- 3) nerves and blood vessels
-
Endomysium
surrounding individual muscle fibers
-
Perimysium
enveloping each fascicle (bundle of fibers)
-
Epimysium
(deep fascia) Wrapping around muscle belly
-
Odontoid process
a tooth like projection that rises perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body of the second cervical vert axis, serves as the pivotal point for the rotation of the atlas and allows the head to turn
-
Ligament nuchae
the fibrous membrane that reaches from the external occipital protuberance and media nuchal line to the spinous process of the 7th vertebrate. A fibrous lamina from the ligament attaches to the posterior tubrical of the atlas and spinous process of the cert forming a septum (wall) below muscles on either side of the neck
-
saddle joint
is a modified ellispoid joint between the trapezium and the first matacarpal bones
|
|