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Define endotherm
- produce own heat (warm blooded) through respiration
- -maintain constant body temp warmer than environment
- -keep warm to keep enzymes active
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Define ambient
- temp around us is high/lower
- -maintain temp by sweating/shivering i.e., frost bite
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Define ectotherms (room temp blooded)
- don't use heat from respiration; temp is ambient
- advantage: don't have to eat very much; don't produce energy
- disadvantage: decrease enzymes activity
- i.e., as temperature drop respiration slow down
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How are the trunk divided?
- Into three subregions
- thoracic
- abdominal
- sacral
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What does the thoracis subregion include?
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What does the abdominal subregion include?
- umbilical cord on ventral surface at midline
- male external urogenital opening is posterior to umbilical cord
- five to eight pairs of teats or mammae
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What does the sacral subregion include?
- stiffened by pelvic girdle
- anus is ventral to the base of the tail on caudal aspect of the trunk
- female pigs genital papilla and external urogenital ventral to the anus
- males have scrotum here
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How many coelomic cavities does the thoracic subregion contains?
- pericardial cavity
- pleural cavity
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What is the lining of the abd cavity called?
peritoneum
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mesenteries
the transparent membranes suspending or supporting the visceral organs
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Where can you find the thymus gland? Describe it.
- Either side of the larynx into the thorax and covering the anterior end of the heart
- bi-lobed mass, usually light in color
- left lobe larger
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Where can you find the thyroid gland? Describe it?
- dorsal of the thymus glad and towards the middle
- compact, dark structure
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Where can you find the larynx?
middle, superior to thyroid gland, between jugular veins
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Where is the liver located? Describe
- posterior to the diaphragm
- large, dark brown, compose of 5 lobes
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Where is the stomach located? describe
- left side, posterior to the liver
- light colored
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Where is the spleen located? describe
- attached to ventro-lateral border of the stomach
- leaf-shaped
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What does the digestive system compose of?
mouth, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus, plus the salivary glads, liver, and pancreas
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Where is the epiglottis located? describe
- posterior edge of the tongue
- ventral flap of tissue
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Where is the glottis located? describe
dorsal to the epiglottis
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Where is the esophagus located?
dorsal to the epiglottis
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Describe the stomach
- bean-shaped sac with an entrance and an outlet, convex curve
- portion esophagus empties is call the cardiac end
- portion where sm intestine begins is called the pyloric end
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Describe the liver
4 principle lobes and smaller 5th lobe
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Where is the gall bladder found? describe
- posterior surface of the right central lobe of the liver
- connected to hepatic ducts
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Describe the pancreas
- dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity
- end of region is the pancreatic duct which enters the intestine
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Where is the kidneys located? describe
dorsal body wall lateral to the midline and outside the peritoneum
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Where is the ureter? describe
- passes from the kidney to enter the allantoic bladder
- light colored
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Where is the urethra? describe
- leading from the bladder
- female is short and joins the vagina
- male urethra is much longer and passes out through the penis
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Where is the adrenal gland located? describe
- medial to the kidney along its anterior half
- elogate, light-colored
- part of endocrine system
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Where is the uterus located? describe
anterior to the vagina; continuation of it
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Where is the urogenital sinus located?
posterior to the juncture of the urethra and the vagina
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where is the clitoris located?
inside sinus on the ventral surface of its posterior end
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Where is the uterine horns located?
anterior to the cervix corpus
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Where is the seminal vesicles located?
dorsal to the urethra
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