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What is interpretation? - Definitions
"the formal process of explain to people the significance of a place or object they have come to see... so that they enjoy their visit more, understand their heritage and environment better and... develop a more caring attitude towards conservation"
"communicating ideas and feelins which help people to understand more about themselves and the environment"
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What is interpretation? - Two categories
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Non-Personal Interpretation includes:
- Signs
- displays/exhibits
- props
- brochures/maps
- guide books
- audio tours
- interactive media
- mobile media
- virtual media
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Personal interpretation includes:
- roving guides
- guided tours
- visitor centres
- re-enactments
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Pearce's Place Model for Tourist Sites
A successful place integrates which three components?
- Resources (physical/cultural setting/reource)
- Conceptions (meanings & understandings)
- Activites (available on-site for visitors)
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What are the four goals of interpretation?
- Enhancing visitor experiences
- Managing visitors & their impacts
- Encouraging learning
- Producing mindful visitors
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What are the two types of learning discussed?
- Conditioning (classical & operant)
- Cognitive (iconic rote, vicarious, reasoning)
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Types of Learning
Cognitive Learning - what is the emphasis and the four stages?
Emphasis: the thinking rather than the doing aspects of learning
- Four stages:
- 1. Formulation & Hypothesis about products or brands
- 2. Exposure to evidence (passive/active)
- 3. Encoding of the evidence
- 4. Integration of earlier hypotheses with new information into beliefs
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Learning Influences
The strength of learning is influenced by:
- importance
- involvement
- mood
- reinforcement
- stimulus repetitions
- imagery
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What is mindfulness?
"a flexible cognitive state that results from drawing novel distinctions about the situation and environment"
"active processing of information and questioning of what is going on in a setting, actively noticing new things"
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What is mindlessness?
"A state of rigidity in which one adheres to a single perspective and acts automatically"
"Reliance on categorisations & routines derived in the past"
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Outcomes of Mindulness
- learning and recall
- feelings of control
- detailed memories
- positive evaluations
- better choices
- feelings of acheivements
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Outcomes of Mindlessness?
- No learning
- feelings
- limited memories
- negative evaluations
- poor choices
- feelings of incompetence
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Factors which trigger Mindfulness include:
- personal interest/importance
- relevance of situation
- activity (involvement)
- control (responsibility)
- interaction (participation)
- novelty (surprise)
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What are the six prinicples of Effective Interpretation?
- 1. Vary the interpretive experience
- 2. Capture visitor attention
- 3. Practise participation
- 4. Provide personal connections
- 5. Provide clear content
- 6. Allow for alternative audiences
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Principles of Effective Interpretation
How to vary the interpretive experience
- encourage visitors to use multiple senses
- incorporate social elementinto the experience
- vary level of physical activity
- incorporate mental activity/challenges
- vary types of media used
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Principles of Effective Interpretaion
How to get and hold visitor attention
- extreme stimuli (colour, size, volume)
- movement and contrast
- unexpected, novel, surprising things
- things connecting with the individual
- interactive exhibits
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Principles of Effective Interpretation
How to practice participation
TOUR2001 Lecture TenPrin
- asking visitors questions
- encourage visitors to ask questions
- creat quizzes and puzzles for visitors to solve
- seek out topic areas from visitors
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Principles of Effective Interpretation
What are the three M's of personal connections?
How to provide personal connections?
3Ms - moving, memorable, meaningful
- - Static displays use conversational text
- - use of analogies and metaphors
- - use stories that visitors can relate to
- - present topics direclty related to visitor experiences
- - encouraege visitors to ask questions
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Principles of Effective Interpretation
How to provide clear content
- Structure of message = important
- Avoid detail and complicated terms
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Principles of Effective Interpretation
Allowing for alternative audiences
- Find common ground with audience
- Build on existing knowledge base
- Pitch communication/message at right level
- Flexibility in delivery
- Key = Respecting & Understanding
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The 4 steps to planning interpretation
- 1. Goals - why?
- 2. Audience Profile - who?
- 3. Resource themes - what?
- 4. Technique - how?
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