Microbiology

Is done with a system of enzymes.

• Binds to the origin breaks the hydrogen bond and unwinds the double helix.
• This creates a replication fork.
• DNA replication is going in both directions toward the replication fork.

Every time there is supercoiling it makes a cut in the DNA to relieve supercoiling and it will ligate (rejoin) the two ends back together.

Stops hydrogen bonding to keep the DNA apart.

Makes short segments of RNA primer so DNA Polymerase III can start.

Will make the new strand of DNA going 5' to 3' only.

Cuts out the primer and fills in the gap with DNA.

Has no known function.

Joins the two strand together.

Is always towards the replication fork.

Can be synthesized continuously in 5' to 3' direction.

• The direction is 3' to 5' so it cannot be synthesized continuously.
• It's synthesized in short segments 5' to 3' called Okazaki Fragments.
• The lagging strand is completed when an enzyme, DNA ligase fills in the spaces betweek Okazaki fragments with the correct nucleotides.