-
lines the internal and external body surfaces
epithelium
-
what is the function of the epithelium?(TAPSS)
tissue absorption, protection, secretion and sensory
-
epithelium contains no ____ ____
blood vessels
-
t/f epithelium is highly vascular
false- no blood vessels
-
epithelium gets oxygen and nutrition from the _____ ____ through _____
- connective tissue
- diffusion
-
epithelium has a rapid ____ ____
turnover time
-
defined as how quickly the cells can replace themselves
turnover time
-
epithelial cells reproduce by ______ so they can grow back _____
-
what are the 3 parts of classification
-
only one layer of cells above the basement membrane
simple epithelium
-
multiple layers of cells above the basement membrane
stratified epithelium
-
cells look like multiple layers because they are different heights but they each touch basement membrane
pseudostratified
-
flattened plate like cells
squamous
-
cell height < cell width
squamous
-
cube-shaped cells
cuboidal
-
cell height=cell width
cuboidal
-
rectangular or tall cells
columnar
-
cell height > cell width
columnar
-
tough, fibrous, waterproof protein that blacks bacteria and is resistant to friction
keratin
-
what kinds of tissues produce keratin
heavy use (hands)
-
if tissues are put under extra stress and needs more protection
hyperkeratinized
-
the _____ is written into the DNA
keratin
-
what epithelium lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and the heart?
simple squamous epithelium
-
what epithelium lines the salivary gland ducts
simple cuboidal
-
what epithelium lines the salivary gland ducts and is inner enamel epithelium?
simple columnar
-
what kind of epithelium lines the upper respiratory tract
pseudostratified
-
what epithelium makes up the superficial oral mucosa
stratified squamous epithelium
-
what kind of epithelium makes up the superficial skin (epidermis)
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-
stratified epithelium is classified by the ______ layer-which is almost always _____
-
the velcro between epithelium and connective tissue
basement membrane
-
what are the two parts of the basement membrane
- basal lamina
- reticular lamina
-
what are the two parts of the basal lamina
- lamina lucida
- lamina densa
-
what produces that basal lamina
epithelium
-
which layer is the clear layer in the basal lamina?
lamina lucida
-
what is the dense layer in the basal lamina?
lamina densa
-
the _____ _____ loop into the lamina lucida
transmembrane proteins
-
what produces the reticular lamina?
conective tissue
-
the reticular lamina consists of ______ _____ _____ that loop into the _____ ____
- anchoring collagen fibers
- reticular lamina
-
what are the 4 types of connective tissue?
- soft CT
- firm CT
- rigid CT
- fluid CT
-
what is the function of connective tissue? (SAD)
support, attachment and defense
-
what is the most common cells in connective tissue?
fibroblasts
-
______ secrete intercellular substance and various kinds of fibers
fibroblasts
-
what are three kinds of fibroblasts?
- collagen fibers
- elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
-
what kind of fibers are very strong, rope-like and found in teeth, tendons and bone
collagen fibers
-
what kind of fibers are able to stretch and tehn return to its original shape and found in the soft palate
elastic fibers
-
what kind of fibers are very fine, hair-like fibers, found in embryonic structures (spleen)
reticular fibers
-
intercellular substance and fibers secreted by fibroblasts
matrix
-
CT_____ is deep to the epithelium and has two layers
proper
-
what are the two layers of CT proper
-
cells, fibers and intercellular substance that are loosely packed with blood vessels and nerves
loose CT
-
___ CT extends into epithelium making ____ _____ ____, these help to increase the surface area between the epithelium and CT
- loose
- connective tissue papillae
-
tightly packed tissue that consists mainly of protein fibers which make it very strong
dense CT
-
what are two types of specialized CT
-
_____ CT has very little matrix but lots of fat cells packed together
adipose
-
_____ CT has a large number of elastic fibers for stretchy tissues
elastic
-
what is firm CT?
cartilage
-
what is a firm and non calcified tissue with no blood vessels and no nerve supply
cartilage
-
what is three purposes of cartilage?
- forms template of skeleton
- cushions bones in joints
- structural support for soft tissues
-
what is the CT that surrounds the cartilage and what does it do?
- perichondrium
- provides blood and nerve supply for cartilage
-
cartilage repairs _____ why?
-
what produces cartilage matrix
chondrocytes
-
what is the small space that surrounds each condrocyte?
lacuna
-
-
what are the five parts of macroscopic bone
- bone marrow
- endosteum
- cancellous bone
- compact bone
- periosteum
-
what is the innermost part of the bone where blood cells are produced?
bone marrow
-
what lines the bone marrow
endosteum
-
what surrounds the bone marrow and is spongy?
cancellous bone
-
what is the lattice work that cancellous bone forms called?
trabeculae
-
what is very dense and surrounds cancellous bone?
compact bone
-
what is a double layered CT sheath that surrounds the entire bone and what does it contain?
- periosteum
- blood vessels and nerves
-
what are bone forming cells?
osteoblasts
-
what are two parts of the microscopic bone?
-
what is the canal for blood vessels and nerves in microscopic bone?
haversian canal
-
what surrounds the haversian canal an secret a matrix?
osteocytes
-
what is the matrix sectreted by osteocytes called?
osteoid
-
when the osteoid calcifies in a sheet what is it called?
lamellae
-
5 to 20 layers of ______ create a _____
-
groups of _____ come together to form bone
osteons
-
because each _____ has its own blood supply, bone repairs _____
-
inorganic substance in crystalline formation that mineralizes the bone
calcium hydroxyapatite
-
calcium hydroxapatite is __% mineralized
50
-
-
what are the three parts of blood?
- plasma
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
-
what is the fluid substance that carries everything in the blood
plasma
-
what in the blood carries the oxygen?
red blood cells
-
what in the blood is the immune response?
white blood cells
-
what kind of tissue cells are capable of contraction?
muscle tissue
-
what are the three types of muscle tissue?
- skeletal muscle
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
-
which muscle tissue is voluntary muscles controlled by somatic nervous system?
skeletal muscle
-
which muscle tissue is controlled by the somatic nervous system?
skeletal muscles
-
which muscle tissue is involuntary muscle and controlled by autonomic nervous system?
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
-
which muscle tissue is controlled by the autonmoic nervous system?
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
-
which muscle tissue is interconnected to cause synchronized contraction?
cardiac muscle
-
what are the parts to nervous tissue?
- neuron
- nerve
- synapse
- afferent
- efferent
-
what is a functional cellular component of the nervous system?
neuron
-
what is a bundle of neurons
nerve
-
what is a junction between two neurons where impulses are transmitted?
synapse
-
what is a sensory nerve that carries information to the brain
afferent
-
what is a motor nerve that carries commands from the brain to the body?
efferent
-
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