Donna

Incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells.

An increase in the number of cells of a body part ("excessive formation").

Any abnormal development of tissues or organs ("disordered fromation").

A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue.

A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.

The thoracic vertebrae, consisting of the next 12 segments (or vertebrae of the spinal column) make up the vertebral bones of the chest (thorac/o - chest or thorax). The abbreviations are also used to pinpoint the exact area of or involvement with the thoracic vertebrae.

The cervical vertebrae, consisting of the first seven segments of the spinal column, make up the bones of the neck (cervic/o = neck). The abbreviations for the cervical vertebrae range from C1 to C7. These abbreviations are used to pinpoint the exact area of involvement with the cervical vertebrae.

The cranial cavity contains the brain.

The pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. The pelvic cavity and the abdominal cavity are often addressed collectively as the abdonimopelvic cavity, which refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin.

The abdominal cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm (the muscle that aids in the process of breathing). The abdominal cavity contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys.

The thoracic cavity contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esphagus, and trachea.

Body has two major cavities which contain orderly arrangement of internal body organs - these cavities are known as - ventral & dorsal cavities.

The fifth segment of the vertebral column is the coccyx. t is located at the very end of the vertebral column and is also called the tailbone. The adult coccyx is a single bone that is the result of the fusion of the four individual coccygeal bones in the child.

The sacrum, located below the lumbar vertebrae, is the fourth segment of the spinal column. This single triangular-shaped bone is a result of the fusion of the five individual sacral bones in the child.

The lumbar vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spial column. Identified as L1 through L5, the lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column.

The sacrum, located below the lumbar vertebrae, is the fourth segment of the spinal column. This single triangular-shaped bone is a result of the fusion of the five individual sacral bones in the child.

The lumber vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spinal column. Identified as L1 through L5, the lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column.

THe thoracic vertebrae, consisting of the next 12 segments (or vertebrae of the spinal column) make up the vertebral bones of the chest (thorac/o = chest or thorax). The abbreviations for the thoracic vertebrae range from T1 to T12. These abbreviations are also used to pinpoint the exact area of or involvement with the thoracic vertebrae.

The cervical vertebrae, cosisting of the first seven segments of the spinal column, make up the bones of the neck (cervic/o = neck). The abbreviations for the cervical vertebrae range from C1 to C7. These abbreviation are used to pinpoint the exact area of involvement with the cervical vertebrae.

The back is divided into five sections that relate to the proximity (nearness) of each section to the vertebrae of the spinal column. The sections are named for the vertebrae located in that particular area of the back.

The following terms do not use the midline of the body as a reference point. Lying horizontally on the back, faceup

Toward or nearest to the trunk of the body, or nearest to the point of origin of a body part.

Away from or farthest from the trunk of the body, or farthest from the point of origin of a body part.

Pertaining to the tail.

Pertaining to the head.

Below or downward toward the tail or feet.

Above or upward toward the head.

Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body.

Toward the midline of the body.

Pertaining to the back or posterior.

Of or pertaining to a position toward the belly of the body; frontward; anterior.

Pertaining to the back of the body

Away from the surface and toward the inside of the body.

Pertaing to the front of the body, or toward the belly of the body.

Pertaining to the surface of the body, or near the surface.

The spinal cavity contains the nerves of the spinal cord.

The back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot.

Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot.

A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward.

A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward.

Lying facedown on the abdomen.