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Platyhelminthes are what?
Flatworms
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Type of coeloms?
Acelomates-No cavity lined with peritoneum
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Only internal organ?
Digestive tube
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Mesoderm cosists of?
Muscle fibers-replaces mesoglea
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Type of symmetry?
Bilateral
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Bottom side (name)?
Ventral
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Center of nervous system is the..?
Head
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Three germ layers
Triploblastic
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Mesoderm makes what possible?
Elaborate organs
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Pair of cerebral what?
Ganglion
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Type of system organization
Organ-system
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Pair of cerebral ganglion are located?
anterior end
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Type or nervous stystem
ladder
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Light sensitive
Eyespots (ocelli)
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Excretory cells
Flame cells
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Protonephridia
Primative excretary system. Osmoregulated attached to two canals.
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Mouth is located where?
Mid-section
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Pharynx does what?
Excretes undigested food
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Digestion type
extracellular and intracellular
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Diffusion
How they respire-diffusion
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What is absent?
Circulatory system
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Sexually they are?
Monecious-Both sexual organs present
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Can also reproduce?
Asexually by fission
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Class of Platyhelminthes?
Tubellaria
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Planarians are?
Free-livings Tubellaria, bottom dwellers, marine and freshwater or moist environments (under stones).
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Planarian locomotion?
Ciliated epidermis, moves on slime layer
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Metabolic wastes move by?
Diffusion through body wall
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planarians respire?
Gas exchange by difussion through body surface
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Planarian reproduction
Aasexual, regeneration, fission
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Planarians sexual organs
Monoecious, hermaphroditic-also cross fertilization
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Another common name for planaria?
Flukes
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How many hosts for cestoda/
Usually two
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Grooves of proglottids are by?
Weakened muscles
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Cestoda have what to increase surgace area?
Microtriches-to increase nutrients uptake-like little roots
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Sexually-cestoda
monoecious
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Cestoda-Scolex
Hold-fast organ for attachment
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Cestoda-how many sense organs?
None
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Cestoda-Rostellum
Tip of scolex-may or may not have hooks, used to aid in attachment and scraping intestinal cells
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Proglottids-3 stages
- Mature-Contain sex organs
- Gravid-Terminal, shelled, infected larvae (ready to germinate)
- Detached-Gravid proglottid shed in feces-Life cycle starts again
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Genus species of beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
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Characteristics of Taenia saginata
- No hooks, suckers to attach to intestine,
- juveniles found in intermuscular tissue of cattle
- Cysticerci-measly beef-encyst juveniles
- Develop in cattle, reproduce in humans
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Pork Tapeworm
Taenia solium
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Taenis solium have what on rostellum?
Hooks and suckers
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Life cycle of taenia solium in humans
- Adults>small intestine humans>burrow throught to intestinal wall
- >to blood and lymph
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Taenia solium juveniles live where
Muscles in pigs
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How are humans infected with Taenia solium?
Eating undercoocked pork-encysted in muscle of meats
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Cysticerci
Juvenile form of Taenia solium
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Taenia solium can cause
Blindness and neurological problems
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Pseudocoelomate means?
False coelom
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True coelom (peritoneal cavity) characteristics
- -Hydrostatic skeleton
- -Mesentaries (from mesoderm) support for organs and blood supply
- -Alimentary canal more specialized
- -Formed in mesoderm during embryonic development
- -Lined with peritoneum=layer of mesodermal epithelium
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False coelom characteristics
- -First attempt to have fluid-filled body cavity
- -Derived from blastocoel rather than mesoderm
- -Space between gut, mesoderm, and ectoderm
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Characteristics of pseudocoelomates
- -Nerve ring or cerebral ganglia connects to posterior and anterior ends
- -Sexes usually separate (dioecious)
- -NO circulatory or respiratory systems
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Phylum rotifera
- -Ciliated crowns on their heads called a corona
- -Found in freashwater environments
- -Benthic-bottom dwellers
- -Pelagic-Lives on water sufaces
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Nematoda means?
Roundworm
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Nematoda characteristics (basics)
- -12,000 species
- -Terrestrial, marine, freashwater, parasitic
- -Agricultural damage
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Nematoda physiological characteristics
- -Cylindrical body
- -Flexable, nonliving cuticle
- -NO cilia or flagella
- -Muscles in body wall run longitudinally only
- -Excretory system-No protonephridia, canal system or gland cells open to pore
- -Mave canals or cells or both for excretion
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Ascaris lumbricoides
Human roundworm
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Toxocara
Dog/cat roundworm
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Necator americanus
Human hookworm
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Trichinella spiralis
Trichina worms
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Enterobius vermicularis
pinworms
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What does Wuchereia bancrofti cause?
Elephantitis
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Most common parasite in humans?
- Pinworms
- -30% children
- -16% adults
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Representative phyla
- -Platyhelminthes
- -Rotifera
- -Nematoda
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