microbiology part 2

caused by yersinia pestis, and is the natural vector for this plague is the _____ ______. know as the ________ plague

___________ plague can band transfered from rat flea bite, handling dead infected rats (animal) or airborne

bubonic plague gorws in the ______ ______ causing necrosis of these in the groin and arm pits.

if this plague can get into your lungs and cause pneumonic plague

_________ is calsed by vibrio __________ and is transmitted orally from contaminated food or water.

severe diarrea (up to four gallons a day of fluid)
if not treated could cause shock, collapse and death. these are symptoms of ________.
based on this what treatment is essential to to treat patients that contract this.

tuberculosis is caused by ________ tuberculosis

_______ is caused by mycobacterium leprae.

m leprae is an ________ intracellular parasite.

___________ is caused by a virus called variola virus.

flue is one of the serious viral disease caused by ________ viruses

aids is one of the most recent viral diseases caused by _____________

vaccines are prepared in____________ ________ for the specific strains expected each year (information is gathered from china tawian and japan

semi rigid porous complex structure is a description of the _________ cell wall

________ _______ is to maintain the bacterial cell shape to form

______ _____ protects bacterial cells from bursting when water enters the cell by osmosis

the _________ _________ protects the bacterial cell contents from adverse enviromental changes.

____________ is made of two carbohydrate (CHO) sugars and is a major component of the bacteral cell walls.

n- ___________ (NAG) and N- ______________ acid (NAM)is one of the two carbohydrates CHO sugars that form the petidoglycan (major compent of bacterial walls)

NAG and NAM are cross linked by the 4 amino acid tetra peptides chains.

____________ gives bacteria strong support and prevents bacterial cells from bursting.

penicillin acts on the peptidoglycan layer, therefore it is more effective on gram ________ bacteria

based on their cell wall bacteria are divided into two catagories
1
2

gram ________ bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer ( __ % to ___% of cell wall) but does not have an outer __________ membrane

gram _______ bacteria contain ________ acids (regulate ionic movement, prevent autolysis and involved in growth) and liptoechoic acids.

gram positive bacteria contain techoic acids (regulate ionic movement,prevent autolysis and involved in growth) and liptoechoic acids. the wall gets its _________ charges from these molecules

the peptidoglycan layer is tightly pressed agains the cell memebrane thus the _________ __________ is narrow.

gram __________ bacteria has a thin peptidoglycan layer ( 10% - 20% of cell wall.)

gram negative have an outer and inner layer membrane made of ____________ bi layer and a thin peptidoglycan layer in between.

grame negative bacterial have a wide ____________ space between the peptidooglycan and cell membane which contains enzymes and binding proteins responsible for cell _________ and _________.

periplasmic space.

the phospholipid bi layer _____ or ______ substances entering the cell, thus acts as a ____________

gram _________ bacteria has _____________ (LPS) which act as anti phagocitic and anti cell ruputre molecules.

lipid a
core
CHO side chains

are the three parts of _____________

Lipid A is the _____ part of LPS (lipopolysac...)

the toxic part of of LPS ________ __ causes fever, pain, damage to blood vessels and endotoxic shock as a result of the decrease in blood pressure.

_____-______ organisms as mycobacteria and nocardia contain peptidoglycan and mycolic acid (_____ lipids) in their cell walls.

__________ have no peptidoglycan in their cell wall. their cell wall is made of polysaccharides and/or _________

mycoplasmas is an exception because it lacks ____ ______

_ -Forms or L-phase varients are mutant bacteria with a defective cell walls induced by ________ treatment (eg lysoyme)

the cell wall has carrier (channel) _________ that protrude to the outside the membrane of the cell and transports in and out of the cell

other membrane proteins imbedded on the cell _______ in the outer or inner layer (eg eyzymes)

the _______ __________ functions to regulate transport of nutrients and cell wastes

the cell membrane is involved in _______ and metabolic activites.

the 3 falgellum parts:
the ___________
the _____
the ______ _______

the________ ______is the part that anchors the fagellum to the cell membrane
(1 of the 3 flaguellum parts)

________ has a wide base (made of different protein_ where the filament is attached.
(1 of the 3 flaguellum parts)

the ________ part that anchors the flagellum to the cell membrane
(1 of the 3 flaguellum parts)

flagella are structures that bacteria use for movement. they very both in __________ and __________

_______ is a single flagellum at 1 end of the bacterium

__________a single flagellum on each side of the bacterium

________ - several flagella on one side of the bacterium

__________ several flagella dispersed all over the bacterial cell.