microbiology people

• First to realize that microorganisms areinvolved in causing diseases.

• Dutch eyeglass maker made the firstcrude microscope.

• A Dutch linen draper who obtained magnifications of (50-3000) and first observed bacteria and divided them into:Cocci (round) Bacilli (rods) Spirilla (spiral)

a physician, chemist,and physicist wrote recipes on how to generatemice from soiled undergarments.

boiled a variety ofliquids previously sealed showing no growth occurred.

poured boiled broth into containers and when
microorganisms grew, heconcluded that microbes can be originated fromboiled broth as well.

• English physicist and mathematician made the first detailed-observations of plant tissues and discovered cells, thus the introduction of the cell theory.

Many people believed mice, toads, flies andmaggots could be generated from manure. Somebelieved mice were also generated from hay. this was called

was the first to challenge anddisprove spontaneous generation.

________ also performed experimentssimilar to those performed by FrancescoRedi.

Disproved spontaneous generation by boiling nutrient solution in swannecked flasks and showing no growth of microbes.

Demonstrated that microorganisms are killed by heat.

• Introduced pasteurization process.

• Discovered role of yeast infermentation.•

Developed immunization process andthe vaccines for anthrax and rabies.

Developed immunization process andthe vaccines for anthrax and rabies.

• Explained that vaccines work by loss of virulence (1880).

__________ and ___________and others obtained similar results to those of Pasteur.

Introduced aseptic techniques in surgery.

• Applied germ theory to medical procedures.

• Used disinfectants to treat surgical wounds.

________ and ____________• Discovered the female anopheles mosquitoe stransmit Plasmodium, the parasite that causes ________.

discovered penicillin.

Chain, Florey (1940)• Ernest Chain & Howard Florey purified __________

• Discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Vibrio cholerae.

Isolated Bacillus anthracis, and in 187 6reported anthrax could be transmitted from animal to animal.

Developed the idea of pure cultures .

_______ ____________ (rules used to determine etiologic agent of a disease).

4 kochs postulates

• The organisms may not be present when symptoms show up is a limitation to _______ ________. and is an example that organisms may not be........

The organisms may not be present when symptoms show up for example _________ _________

leprosy and gonorrhea is an example that Some diseases can’t be reproduced in experimental __________.•
Neisseria gonorrhoeal → gonorrhea•
Mycobocterium leprae → leprosy

this is a limit to kochs post.

Some organisms cannot be grown in _____• Treponema pallidum → syphilis
• Mycobocterium leprae → leprosy

this is an example of-------

Some microorganisms are obligate intracellular parasites and cannot be cultured on _______ _________
example :• Rickettia rickettsie→ Rocky mountain, Chlamydia trachomatis → Trachoma

thanks to biology today we can : identify ______ diseases in a few minutes and have _________ to treatt them.

Specific _______ are used to target antigens and cancer cells.

The possible use of immunotherapy in the treatment of diseases such as cystic fibrosis through ________ therapy

___________ resistant plants have been developed, and elimination of some agricultural ______ is possible.

In 1910 __________ was the first to use salvarsan (arsenic derivative) to treat syphilis.

In 1928 ____________ Scottish bacteriologist, discovered penicillin, (the first antibiotic discovered).

•_________ _________ is used to produce therapeutic materials such as insulin,human growth hormone and interferon.

• Microbes play key roles in:
• Nitrogen fixation.
• Recycling of materials.
• Sewage treatment.
Bio-degradation of chemical pesticides, and petroleum products.

• In Agriculture importance

Fixation of Nitrogen (Rhizobium) in soybeans, alfalfa,clover, peas.

• To make products such as acetone,organic acids, enzymes, alcohol, drugs. is an example of how biology is used in the _________

• Cheeses, yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut,pickles, alcoholic beverages and soy sauce are made using microorganisms.

this is an example of how microbiology is used in the

•________ inoculated an 8 year old boy with cowpox to test a milkmaid’s observation that if you getc owpox you don’t get small pox.

this was the first ________

The 8 year old became immune to small pox, thus the first live vaccine was introduced. The process was called ___________ (latin vacca = ____)

Vaccines can be prepared using:
• ___________
• Live organisms
• Killed organisms
• _______ vaccines.

what are antibiotics