Volume 1 Chapter 2

Cardiovascular endurance, Strength/flexibility, Nutrition, Freedom from bad habits, Back safety

Active excercise performed against stable resistance where muscles are exercised in a MOTIONLESS manner

Active exercise during which muscles are worked through their range of MOTION

Subtrace age from 220 (max heart rate). Subtract resting rate from maximum heart rate x 0.7. Add to resting heart rate.

Physical activity (30 minutes), Whole grains (3 ounces), Fruits (2 cups), Vegetables (2.5 cups), Fats, Milk (3 cups), Meat and beans.

Any disease caused by the growth of pathogenic microorganisms which may be spread from person to person.

Microorganism capable of producing disease, such as bacteria and viruses.

Time between contact with a disease and the first appearance of symptoms.

A strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and fluids are infectious.

Equipment used by EMS personnel to protect against injury, illness and the spread of infection.

• AIDS/HIV- Blood, reproductive fluid
• Hep B,C - Blood, Stool, other body fluid
• Tuberculosis (TB)- Airborne, respiratory secretions
• Meningitis- Oral and nasal secretions
• Pneumonia- Oral and nasal secretions
• Influenza- Airborne, body fluids
• Staphylococcal infection- Contact with open wounds/sores
• Chicken pox (Varicella)- Airborne, open wounds/sores
• German measles (Rubella)- Airborne
• Whooping cough (Pertussis)-Airborne, Respiratory secretions
• SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)- Airborne, personal contact

Large amounts of bleeding such as arterial bleeds or childbirth

• Cleaning- Washing an object with soap and water. Hands are cleaned.
• Disinfecting- Cleaning with a disinfecting agent which kills most microorganisms.
• Sterilizing- Use of chemical or physical method such as pressurized steam to kill all microorganisms.

• 1. Wash effected area with soap and water
• 2. Get medical evaluation
• 3. Take immunization boosters
• 4. Notify agency's infection control liason
• 5. Document

Any occurence of blood or body fluids coming in contact with nonintact skin, mucous membranes or parenteral contact (needle stick).

• Denial "Not me"
• Anger "Why me?"
• Bargaining "OK, but first i have to.."
• Depression "But i haven't had a chance to..."
• Acceptance "OK, i'm ready."

• Newborn to 3- Senses change in family or people. Watch for irritability. Be sensitive, maintain consistency
• Ages 3 to 6- Believes death is temporary. Watch for behavior changes. Emphasize that it was not their fault, Reinforce that crying is natural.
• Ages 6 to 9- May prefer to hide or disguise feelings to avoid looking "childish". Discuss normal feelings surrounding grief.
• Ages 9 to 12- Starts to understand irreversibility of death. Set aside time to talk about feelings. Encourage sharing of memories.
• Ages 12 to 18- Demanding developmental processes are awkward with the needs of the family. Encourge talking but respect their privacy. Locate a support group/friends.

• -A loved on has died. (Use specific and clear language)
• -There is nothing more anyone could have done.
• -We are available to assist you if you need it.
• -Give information of the process. (i.e. Medical examiner, funeral home)

• Stress: a hardship or strain. A physical or emotional response to a stimulus.
• Stressor: stimulus that causes stress.

• Defensive strategies: These are helpful for short times. However they deny and distort the reality.
• Coping: A person confronts the situation but just learns to live with it. Not always the best way.
• Problem-solving skills: Healthiest approach. Analysis, solutions to the problem.

• 1. Identify personal stressors
• 2. Find the amount of stress you can take before it is a problem
• 3. Develop stress management strategies

• 1. Alarm- Fight or flight
• 2. Resistance- Individual copes with stress
• 3. Exhaustion- Stress starts to cause problems

Physiological phenomena that occur approximately ever 24 hours. They manage the bodies sleep cycle, temperature and other autonomic functions.

Set hours when a night-shift worker can reliably expect to get sleep with no interruption.

When coping mechanisms no longer buffer job stressors. Compomises health and well-being.

Controlled breathing, Reframe, Attend to the patient

• 1. Daily Stress- Pay, working conditions, long hours, etc.
• 2. Small Incidents- One or two patients with injuries or death. Incidents involving friends/co-workers.
• 3. Large Incidents/Disasters- Many patients, some critical or dead.

Lifting