-
How much body weight does water makeup in the infant body vs adult
Infant - 4%
Adult - 70%
-
What skin considerations come in for each ethnic group:
Black
White
Asian
Hispanic
Native American
B - palpate rashes, erythema is dark red/violet
W - less melanin, higher number of apocrine glands, risk for skin cancer
A - light pigment at birth, darkens by 2-3 month
H - pigmentation and varied hair
NA - pigmentation and varied hair
-
What are the 3 bacterial skin infections?
- Impetigo
- Cellulitis
- Scalded Skin Syndrome
-
Impetigo:
Etiology
Contagious
S/S
Tx
Meds
Staph. Aureus
Highly contagious
Honey colored crust, small red macules
- Keep nails short
- Soak lesions and remove crusts
- Isolation
- Bactroban (ointment)
- Keflex (PO)
-
Cellulitis:
Etiology
S/S
Meds
- Strep. pyogenes
- Staph. aureus
Fever, chills, redness, warmth, pain
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporins
- Vancomycin (esp. with MRSA)
-
If an infant is less than 2 months old with cellulitis what is expected first?
Admittance to the hospital
-
Scaleded Skin Syndrome:
Etiology
S/S
Tx
Staph
Skin peeling, blisters, fluid loss, infection
Oral or IV antibiotics
-
What are the two main fungal infections?
-
Candidiasis:
S/S
Meds
- Thrush (most common)
- Rash in diaper dermatitis
-
What should the nurse do for the mom if the baby has thrush?
- Evaluate her on breastfeeding
- Make sure the mom is hygenically clean
- Give nystatin
***Just because the baby has thrush does not mean to stop breastfeeding
-
Tinea Capitis:
Etiology
Transmission
S/S
Tx
Meds
T tonsurans
Fomites
Alopecia, scalp scaling
- Antidandruff shampoo
- Treat all members of the household
Oral griseofulvan
-
When giving oral griseofulvan, what is the minimum amount of time to take it?
What foods are best to give with it?
Minimum of 8 weeks
Foods high in fat for best absorption
-
What are the 3 viral infectious diseases?
- Herpes Simplex Type I
- Warts
- Fifth Disease
-
Herpes Simplex Type I:
S/S
Diagnosed
Meds
Small, painful vesicles with yellow exudate that last 2-3 weeks
Viral cultures (gold standard)
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
-
What are the main nursing teachings when is comes to managing herpes simplex type I?
- Good handwashing!
- No scratching
- Oral fluids
- Educate family on meds
-
Warts:
Etiology
Tx
Meds
Papillomavirus
Freeze with liquid nitrogen
Salicylic and lactic acid
-
Fifth Disease:
Etiology
Incubation
S/S
Associated with
Parvovirus
4-14 days
"Slapped cheek rash on face"
Anemia associated sickle cell disease
-
What are the two main infestations?
-
Lice:
Etiology
Transmission
Communicability
Tx
Pediculus humanus capitis
- Human to human
- Contact with personal items
- Adult louse can live 48 hours from human host
- Eggs can hatch in 7-10 days
- Nix or RID shampoos
- Remove eggs with fine tooth comb
-
When can a child use Nix or RID in the treatment of lice?
After the age of 2
-
Scabies:
Etiology
Transmission
Incubation
At risk for
Tx
Mites
Direct contact
2-6 weeks
Secondary bacterial infection
- Permethrin cream on ALL skin for 8-14 hours
- Treat everyone in household
-
What are the main chronic skin conditions?
- Eczema
- Diaper Dermatitis
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Contact Dermatitis
- Acne
-
Eczema:
S/S
Tx
Meds
Weeping vesicles that crust over
Coal tar prep and medicated baths
Steroids and antihistamines
-
What treatments do you want to avoid with eczema?
- Heat
- Soap
- Baby wipes
- Problem foods
-
Poison Ivy:
S/S
Tx
Meds
- Fluid filled vesicles
- Itching
Wash with soap
Antihistamines, Corticosteroids
-
Passive vs Active prophylaxis of rabies?
P - Vaccine that is take on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28
A - Immune globulin given IM in or near wound
-
What are the steps of treating an insect bite?
- Remove stinger
- Use cool, wet compresses
- Give benadryl and acetaminophen
-
Babies of dark skinned cultures are typically born with this type of birthmark
Mongolian spot
-
What skin condition comes from dilated capillaries?
Port wine stain
-
What kind of dressing is used for wounds primarily?
Moist
(NOT wet and NOT dry)
-
What measures are used to prevent skin breakdown?
- Assess risk with Braden
- Turn
- Float heels
- Use lift sheet
- Do not elevate HOB beyond 30 degrees
-
What is the biggest risk when it comes to burns?
First 48 hours
48-72 hours
Shock from fluid loss
Infection
-
What is the best way to recover from burns, nutrition-wise?
- High protein diet
- Increase vitamin A and C
- 2-3 times more calories
-
Why do burn victims need to maintain physical mobility?
Because they will have contractures
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