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What does polio do to the body?
How does it enter into the body?
Infects gray matter of the spinal cord
Through the mouth - direct contact
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Varicella:
Transmission
Incubation period
Peak months
Aerosolized droplets from nasopharyngeal secretions or direct contact with vesicle fluid from skin lesions
10-21 days
March, April, May
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Varicella:
S/S
When vaccine is given
What if child has not had it before starting school
Fever, abdominal pain, blisters
12-15 months
Child has to get 2nd vaccine between 4-6 years or they will not be allowed into school
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Diphtheria:
Transmission
Treatment
Respiratory secretions
Antibiotics
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Tetanus:
From what exotoxin
Transmission
Clostridium tetani
Enters body after tissue injury
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Tetanus:
What vaccination
At what ages is the vaccine scheduled
How many times must child be vaccinated
DTaP
2,4,6 months
Every 10 years
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Pertussis:
What is it
Transmission
Acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract
Direct contact with respiratory secretions
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What does DTaP prevent?
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
- Pertussis
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Measles:
Transmission/Spread
Complications
Direct and indirect respiratory secretions
Pneumonia, seizures, hemorrhage, encephalitis, death
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Mumps:
Transmission/Spread
Complications
S/S
Droplets and direct contact from infected person
Sterility, deafness, myocarditis
Parotid swelling and tenderness
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Rubella:
Transmission/Spread
Found in
Complications
Direct contact with infected person
Respiratory secretions, blood, stool, urine
Rare but can cause birth defects in fetus
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What ages is the MMR vaccine given?
**Do not give to immunocompromised patients because it is a live vaccine
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What do each of these combination vaccines consist of:
Pentacel
Pediarix
Twinrix
When should they be given by?
Pentacel - DTaP, IPV, HiB (before age 5)
Pediarix - DTaP, IPV, Hep B (before age 7)
Twinrix - Hep A & B (use only in ages 18+)
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Vaccine for pneumococcal disease will help prevent:
- OM
- Pneumonia
- Meningitis
- Septicemia
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Meningococcal Meningitis:
What does is do to the body
Emergency
S/S
Inflammation of tissues around the brain and spinal column
Death can occur within hours
Fever, headache, stiff neck
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What are the two main signs for meningitis?
Brudzinski - while child is supine, if the neck is flexed forward then the knees bend involuntarily
Kernig - while child is supine, cannot bend the hip to bring the leg to 90 degrees
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If other children are suspected to have been exposed to a child with meningitis, what are the protocols?
Preschoolers will take Rifampi and Ceftriaxone within 7 days
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Meningitis Vaccine:
What provides longer protection
When should it be given
MCV4 or Menactra T (compared to Menomune)
Ages 11-12 (also mandatory in Florida colleges if living in dorms)
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What virus is the most common cause of diarrhea in young children?
Rotavirus
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What is the most common STI?
Human papillomavirus
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What contraindications are there for vaccines?
- Very few
- Only if the child is critically ill
***Precaution is not a contraindication
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