valuable as a treatment for the pain of surgery, battle wounds, and cancer
heroin
synthesized from morphine
Opiates have their own :
Receptors which are normally stimulated by endorphins
Depressants:
reduce activity in the nervous system
Stimulants
increase activity in the nervous system
In the study of conditioned tolerance to heroin
rats tolerated the drug less in a novel environment
withdrawl from alcohol
can be life threatening
The reason alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines are deadly taken together is that they
affect the same receptor complex
Psychedelic drugs often produce hallicuations by
stimulating serotoning receptors
Marijuana was the subject of disagreement among researchers because some of them
thought it failed to meet the standard test for addictiveness
Evidence that addiction does not depend on the drug's ability to produce withdrawl symptom is that
produced in different parts of the brain
either can be produced without the other in the lab
when rats trained to press a lever for electrical stimulationof the brain are given a drug that blocks dopamine receptors, lever pressing
decreases
the best argument that caffeine is an addictive drug like alcohol and nicotine is that
it affects the same processes in the brain
Evidence that dopemines contribution to addiction may be its effect on learning comes from a study in which
hippocampal stimulation released dopamine and restored learned lever pressing
Agonist treatments for drug addiction
mimic the drug's affect
Critics of treating drug addiction with drugs believe that
getting over addiction should not be easy
its wrong to give an addict another addictive drug
type of alcoholism in which the individual drinks regularly is associated with
antisocial personality disorder
Alcoholics often
have reduced serotonin and dopamine functioning
A drug or chemical that imitates or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a (an)
agonist
Reduced cortical activity is typical of drugs that produce euphoria
true
A drug or chemical that interferes with or prevents the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a (an)
antagonist
A decrease in the ability of a drug to produced its desired or intended effect after it is administered repeatedly is
tolerance
The major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is THC
THC
Opiates have what are termed hypnotic effects which means opiates can
induce sleep
Most Type 2 alcoholics are males
true
In addition to its
well-known effects on the GABA receptor, alcohol also affects the
_________ receptor or neurotransmitter system(s).
serotonin
glutamate.
opiate
cannabinoid
Aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiencies occur in approximately 2% of Japanese non-alcoholics and about 50% of Japanese alcoholics
True
Many of the drugs classified as hallucinogens or psychedelics are chemically similar to neurotransmitters. In particular,
the LSD molecule is structurally similar to serotonin
GABA is the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter
true
Glutamate is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter
true
The height of the P300 wave is related to responsiveness to novel stimuli
true
The benzodiazepine molecules
facilitate the binding of GABA and increase chloride influx
With chronic alcoholism vitamin B1 deficiency can occur, which can produce Korsakoff's syndrome
true
Compulsive gamblers are like drug addicts in that both have reduced glutamate activity in prefrontal brain areas
false
The naturally-occurring agent(s) internal to our nervous system that binds with the cannabinoid receptor
is anandamide
withdrawal symptoms produced by discontinuing a drug are
often opposite to the effects of the drug itself
The stimulant caffeine
blocks receptors for the neuromodulator adenosine.
Nicotine's effects depend upon how it is administered. When smoked in
short puffs nicotine produces _____ effects; when inhaled deeply it
produces ________ effects
stimulant;
depressant
Withdrawal symptoms after repeatedly using cocaine
