Acid/Base

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What is the normal level of sodium?

136-145 mEq/L
What is the normal level of potassium?

3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the normal level of chloride?

96-106 mEq/L
What is the normal level of pCO2?

35-45 mmHg
What is the normal level of HCO3?

22-27 mEq/L
What is the normal level of TCO2?

23-28 mEq/L
What is the normal level of PO2?

93-100 mmHg
What is metabolic alkalosis?

high HCO₃^-
What is metabolic acidosis?

low HCO₃^-
What is respiratory alkalosis?

low pCO₂
What is respiratory acidosis?

high pCO₂
How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

hypoventilation - usually quite ineffective (body wants to breathe!!)
How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

kidneys excrete more HCO₃^-
How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis?

kidneys retain HCO₃^-
How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis?

hyperventilation
What is measured to determine the status of anion gap?
- Sodium - 140
- Chloride - 104
- HCO₃^- - 24
What is a normal anion gap?

gap of 12 +/- 4
What is the only situation anion gap is useful for evaluating?
- metabolic acidosis:
- gain of HCL or loss of HCO₃^- = normal gap
- gain of exogenous acid = increased gap
What are the causes of anion gap acidosis?
- Methanol
- Uremia
- Lactate
- Ethylene glycol
- Paraldehyde
- Aspirin
- Ketoacidosis
What are the causes of non-anion gap acidosis?
- TPN
- renal tubular acidosis
- diarrhea (pancreas needs to keep producing HCO₃^- to replace what is lost in order to keep the pH normal in the intestines. Eventually HCO₃^- levels will go down = metabolic acidosis)
What is the normal level of magnesium?

1.7-2.1 mmol/L
What is the normal level of calcium?

8.5-10.5 mmol/L
Which electrolytes are intracellular?

K⁺, Mg
What is the equation for calculating serum osmolality?

2[Na] + (Gluc/28) + (BUN/2.8)
What is the normal range for osmolality?

275-290 mOsm/kg

Author

giddyupp

42362

Card Set

Acid/Base

Description

Acid/Base

Updated

2011-01-13T18:06:23Z

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