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alkuhl
an Arabic word meaning "the essence" from which the word alcohol is derived
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amphetamines
powerful central nervous system stimulants
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aqua vitae
literally means "water of life" another expression for alcohol
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barbiturate (barbituric acid)
a member of a class of drugs that have depressant effects
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benzedrine
an amphetamine used to treat nasal congestion and asthma
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bromides
nonbarbiturate sedatives used to treat epileptic convulsions
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distillation
a heating process that increases alcohol content
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drug abuse
the intentional and inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, emotional, financial, intellectual, or social consequences for the user
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drug misuse
the unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs
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drug
any substance that alters one's ability to function emotionally, physically, intellectually, financially, or socially
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hallucinogens
a class of drugs that induce perceived distortions in time and space
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laudanum
a drug derived from opium
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mescaline
a psychoactive agent, or hallucinogen, derived form the peyote cactus
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methamphetamine
a more potent form of amphetamine
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morphine
an analgesic drug derived form opium, used medically as a painkiller
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narcotic
an opium-based central nervous system depressant used to relive pain and diarrhea
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opiate
a class of drugs derived form opium
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peyote
a cactus containing the hallucinogen mescaline
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psychoactive drugs
any substance that has the capabililty of altering mood, perception, or behavior
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soldier's disease
a name given to morphine dependency during the Civil War
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temperance
moderate alcohol use, rather than abstinence
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china white
a synthetic analgesic drug derived from fentanyl that mimics heroin but is considerably more potent
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chronic drug use
the habitual use of drugs
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compulsive drug use
obsessive drug use without regard for society
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designer drugs
synthetic substances that are chemically similar to existing drugs
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gas chromatography
a type of drug testing procedure that is highly sophisticated and sensitive, but time-consuming and expensive
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immunoassay
a drug testing procedure that tests for metabolites of drugs
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margin of safety
the difference between a beneficial level and a harmful level of a drug
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social-recreational drug use
taking drugs in a social environment to share pleasurable experiences among friends
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toxicity
a drug's ability to disturb or nullify homeostasis
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anabolic steroids
substances used to increase muscle mass; related to male sex hormones
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aphrodisiac
any substance that increases sexual desire and performance
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drug addiction
continuing desire for drugs based on a physical need
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ergogenic aids
substances that provide an athletic advantage, also known as performance-enhancing drugs
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negative reinforcemet
relief or avoidance of pain achieved by a behavior, motivation one to repeat the behavior
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positive reinforcement
pleasurable sensations associated with a behavior, motivations one to repeat the behavior
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speedball
injectable combination of heroin and cocaine
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withdrawal symptoms
physical signs that appear when drug use is stopped
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category I drugs
drugs determined to be safe, effective, and properly labeled
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category II drugs
drugs generally recognized as unsafe and ineffective or as mislabeled, must be removed from medications within 6 months after the FDA issues its finial regulations
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category III drugs
drugs for which data are insufficient to determine general recognition of safety and effectiveness
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drug paraphernalia
items that are aides to using drugs
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harm reduction
a series of practical interventions that respond to the needs of drug users and the community where they live in an effort to reduce the harm caused by illicit drug use
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normalization
a term used by the Dutch for the practice of not prosecution uses of soft drugs such as marijuana
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proprietary drugs
drugs that can be purchased without a prescription; over-the-counter drugs
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