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Equator
Imaginary line around the earth that divides the earth into two hemispheres; parallel halfway between the North and South poles.
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rotation
The turning of an object on its axis.
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Revolution
The movement of the earth in its orbit around the sun.
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sphere
Ball-shaped; every point on its surface is an equal distance from the center.
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oblate spheroid
A sphere that flattens at its poles and bulges at its equator.
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lithosphere
The topmost solid part of the earth.
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hydrosphere
The part of the earth's surface covered by water.
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Atmosphere
The envelope of gasses surrounding the earth.
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Continent
A large land area that measures millions of square kilometers and rises a considerable distance above sea level.
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Outer core
The liquid layer of the earth surrounding the inner core.
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Inner core
The solid, most inner layer of the earth.
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Asthenosphere
The partially melted layer in the mantle.
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mantle
The layer of the earth that extends from the bottom of the crust to the earth's core.
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moho
Mohorovicic discontinuity; the boundary between the crust and the mantle.
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crust
The thin most outer layer of the earth.
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map
The drawing of the earth of part of the earth on a flat surface.
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topography
The shape of the earth's surface.
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topographic map
A map that shows the different shapes and sizes of a land surface.
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latitude
The measure of distance north or south of the equator.
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parallels
The lines from east to west across a map or globe that measures latitude.
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longitude
The measure of the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
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meridians
The lines on a map or globe between the points that represent the geographic North and South poles of the earth; measures longitude.
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globe
Spherical model of the earth.
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prime meridian
The meridian that runs through Greenwich, England, at 0 longitude.
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mercator projection
Representation of the curved surface of the earth on a flat piece of paper, in which direction and shape are accurate but size and distances are distorted.
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equal-area projection
The representation of the curved surface of the earth on a flat piece of paper, in which distance is accurate and size and shape are distorted.
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